Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China
The fractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution (PSD) constitute an important soil physical property, and fractal models of soil PSD are increasingly used to describe the effects of vegetation on the improvement of soil-related properties. Based on the fractal theory, this paper selec...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1246 |
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| author | Wei Su Yuemeng Gao Peng Gao Xuede Dong Guifang Wang Xingjian Dun Jingwei Xu |
| author_facet | Wei Su Yuemeng Gao Peng Gao Xuede Dong Guifang Wang Xingjian Dun Jingwei Xu |
| author_sort | Wei Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution (PSD) constitute an important soil physical property, and fractal models of soil PSD are increasingly used to describe the effects of vegetation on the improvement of soil-related properties. Based on the fractal theory, this paper selected four typical vegetation restoration types (<i>Quercus acutissima</i>, QAC; <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>, RPL; <i>Pinus densiflora</i>, PDS; QAC × PDS) in the Taiyi mountainous area as the research object, and the single-fractal dimension (<i>D</i>) and multi-fractal parameters of PSD and its correlation with soil-associated properties were studied. The results show that (1) QAC × PDS reduced the heterogeneity of soil sand distribution, which also increased the range and concentration of soil PSD in the dense area. Soil clay and silt contents showed QAC × PDS > RPL > QAC > PDS. QAC × PDS significantly increased clay and silt content in 0–20 cm soil. (2) <i>D</i> varies among different vegetation restoration types, which was QAC × PDS > RPL > QAC > PDS, and the <i>D</i> of 0–20 cm soil was greater than that of 20–40 cm. For the multi-fractal parameters of PSD, the capacity dimension (<i>D</i><sub>0</sub>), information dimension (<i>D</i><sub>1</sub>), correlation dimension (<i>D</i><sub>2</sub>) and <i>D</i><sub>1</sub>/<i>D</i><sub>0</sub> in 0–20 cm soil of different vegetation restoration types showed significant differences. (3) <i>D</i> and multi-fractal parameters were significantly positively correlated with clay and silt contents, which were significantly negatively correlated with sand contents. (4) QAC × PDS had the smallest soil bulk density and largest porosity. Fractal dimension was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and positively correlated with soil total porosity and capillary porosity. These results indicate that the soil fractal dimension can well characterize the vegetation improvement on soil structure and properties in the earthy-rocky mountain areas of northern China. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-359af2c4254f40e99aef88f9162596472023-12-03T13:40:07ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-08-01138124610.3390/f13081246Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern ChinaWei Su0Yuemeng Gao1Peng Gao2Xuede Dong3Guifang Wang4Xingjian Dun5Jingwei Xu6Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaMountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaMountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaMountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaMountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaEcological Research Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Ji’nan 250014, ChinaEcological Research Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Ji’nan 250014, ChinaThe fractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution (PSD) constitute an important soil physical property, and fractal models of soil PSD are increasingly used to describe the effects of vegetation on the improvement of soil-related properties. Based on the fractal theory, this paper selected four typical vegetation restoration types (<i>Quercus acutissima</i>, QAC; <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>, RPL; <i>Pinus densiflora</i>, PDS; QAC × PDS) in the Taiyi mountainous area as the research object, and the single-fractal dimension (<i>D</i>) and multi-fractal parameters of PSD and its correlation with soil-associated properties were studied. The results show that (1) QAC × PDS reduced the heterogeneity of soil sand distribution, which also increased the range and concentration of soil PSD in the dense area. Soil clay and silt contents showed QAC × PDS > RPL > QAC > PDS. QAC × PDS significantly increased clay and silt content in 0–20 cm soil. (2) <i>D</i> varies among different vegetation restoration types, which was QAC × PDS > RPL > QAC > PDS, and the <i>D</i> of 0–20 cm soil was greater than that of 20–40 cm. For the multi-fractal parameters of PSD, the capacity dimension (<i>D</i><sub>0</sub>), information dimension (<i>D</i><sub>1</sub>), correlation dimension (<i>D</i><sub>2</sub>) and <i>D</i><sub>1</sub>/<i>D</i><sub>0</sub> in 0–20 cm soil of different vegetation restoration types showed significant differences. (3) <i>D</i> and multi-fractal parameters were significantly positively correlated with clay and silt contents, which were significantly negatively correlated with sand contents. (4) QAC × PDS had the smallest soil bulk density and largest porosity. Fractal dimension was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and positively correlated with soil total porosity and capillary porosity. These results indicate that the soil fractal dimension can well characterize the vegetation improvement on soil structure and properties in the earthy-rocky mountain areas of northern China.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1246fractal modelsingle fractal and multifractal parameterssoil particle-size distribution (PSD)soil physical property |
| spellingShingle | Wei Su Yuemeng Gao Peng Gao Xuede Dong Guifang Wang Xingjian Dun Jingwei Xu Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China Forests fractal model single fractal and multifractal parameters soil particle-size distribution (PSD) soil physical property |
| title | Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China |
| title_full | Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China |
| title_short | Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on the Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particles in Earthy-Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China |
| title_sort | effects of different vegetation restoration types on the fractal characteristics of soil particles in earthy rocky mountain area of northern china |
| topic | fractal model single fractal and multifractal parameters soil particle-size distribution (PSD) soil physical property |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/8/1246 |
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