Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks
Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol found in many essential oils that has antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Drug loaded-invasome systems are used to deliver drugs utilizing nanoparticles to improve bioavailability, efficacy, and drug release duration. As a result, the present s...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/733 |
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| author | Amr Gamal Shawky M. Aboelhadid Fatma I. Abo El-Ela Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki Samar M. Ibrahium Almahy M. EL-Mallah Saleh Al-Quraishy Ahmed O. Hassan Sahar M. Gadelhaq |
| author_facet | Amr Gamal Shawky M. Aboelhadid Fatma I. Abo El-Ela Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki Samar M. Ibrahium Almahy M. EL-Mallah Saleh Al-Quraishy Ahmed O. Hassan Sahar M. Gadelhaq |
| author_sort | Amr Gamal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol found in many essential oils that has antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Drug loaded-invasome systems are used to deliver drugs utilizing nanoparticles to improve bioavailability, efficacy, and drug release duration. As a result, the present study developed carvacrol-loaded invasomes and evaluated their acaricidal effect against <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> (cattle tick) and <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> (dog tick). Carvacrol loaded-invasome (CLI) was prepared and characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, zeta potential measurements, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis. CLI (5%) induced significant mortality (100%) in <i>R. annulatus</i> adult ticks with LC<sub>50</sub> of 2.60%, whereas the LC<sub>50</sub> of pure carvacrol was 4.30%. Carvacrol and CLI were shown to have a significant larvicidal action on both tick species, with LC<sub>50</sub>s of 0.24 and 0.21% against <i>R. annulatus</i> and 0.27 and 0.23% against <i>R. sanguineus</i>, respectively. Carvacrol and CLI (5%) induced significant repellent activities for 24 h against <i>R. annulatus</i> and <i>R. sanguineus</i>, as evidenced by the rod method and the petri-dish selective area choice method, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that the CLI form had 3.86 times the permeability of pure carvacrol. Moreover, carvacrol and CLI inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased glutathione and malonedealdehyde levels in the treated ticks. In conclusion, invasomes significantly improved adulticidal and repellency activities of carvacrol against both tick species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:58:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35a7fdfe6f444207ab6a047b1c09c8e5 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:58:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-35a7fdfe6f444207ab6a047b1c09c8e52023-12-01T01:24:04ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111373310.3390/microorganisms11030733Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard TicksAmr Gamal0Shawky M. Aboelhadid1Fatma I. Abo El-Ela2Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki3Samar M. Ibrahium4Almahy M. EL-Mallah5Saleh Al-Quraishy6Ahmed O. Hassan7Sahar M. Gadelhaq8Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, EgyptParasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, EgyptZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptDepartment of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Fayum 16101, EgyptZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, EgyptZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAParasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, EgyptCarvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol found in many essential oils that has antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Drug loaded-invasome systems are used to deliver drugs utilizing nanoparticles to improve bioavailability, efficacy, and drug release duration. As a result, the present study developed carvacrol-loaded invasomes and evaluated their acaricidal effect against <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> (cattle tick) and <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> (dog tick). Carvacrol loaded-invasome (CLI) was prepared and characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, zeta potential measurements, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis. CLI (5%) induced significant mortality (100%) in <i>R. annulatus</i> adult ticks with LC<sub>50</sub> of 2.60%, whereas the LC<sub>50</sub> of pure carvacrol was 4.30%. Carvacrol and CLI were shown to have a significant larvicidal action on both tick species, with LC<sub>50</sub>s of 0.24 and 0.21% against <i>R. annulatus</i> and 0.27 and 0.23% against <i>R. sanguineus</i>, respectively. Carvacrol and CLI (5%) induced significant repellent activities for 24 h against <i>R. annulatus</i> and <i>R. sanguineus</i>, as evidenced by the rod method and the petri-dish selective area choice method, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that the CLI form had 3.86 times the permeability of pure carvacrol. Moreover, carvacrol and CLI inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased glutathione and malonedealdehyde levels in the treated ticks. In conclusion, invasomes significantly improved adulticidal and repellency activities of carvacrol against both tick species.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/733carvacrolinvasomesnanoparticlesacaricidesrepellentHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Amr Gamal Shawky M. Aboelhadid Fatma I. Abo El-Ela Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki Samar M. Ibrahium Almahy M. EL-Mallah Saleh Al-Quraishy Ahmed O. Hassan Sahar M. Gadelhaq Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks Microorganisms carvacrol invasomes nanoparticles acaricides repellent HPLC |
| title | Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks |
| title_full | Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks |
| title_short | Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks |
| title_sort | synthesis of carvacrol loaded invasomes nanoparticles improved acaricide efficacy cuticle invasion and inhibition of acetylcholinestrase against hard ticks |
| topic | carvacrol invasomes nanoparticles acaricides repellent HPLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/733 |
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