Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet Cooling
The demand for high-strength steel welds, as observed in civil and transport engineering, is related to a mass reduction in vehicles. Container-type trucks are examples of this kind of transport means because their boxes are able to be produced using Hardox grade steels. Therefore, this study reflec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/20/7118 |
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| author | Abílio P. Silva Tomasz Węgrzyn Tadeusz Szymczak Bożena Szczucka-Lasota Bogusław Łazarz |
| author_facet | Abílio P. Silva Tomasz Węgrzyn Tadeusz Szymczak Bożena Szczucka-Lasota Bogusław Łazarz |
| author_sort | Abílio P. Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The demand for high-strength steel welds, as observed in civil and transport engineering, is related to a mass reduction in vehicles. Container-type trucks are examples of this kind of transport means because their boxes are able to be produced using Hardox grade steels. Therefore, this study reflects on the properties of welds in the MAG welding of Hardox 450, obtained through an innovative micro-jet cooling process with helium. This joining technology aims to reduce the formation of defects and to obtain a joint with very good assumed mechanical properties. Structural components of grade steel require welds with acceptable mechanical parameters with respect to operational loading conditions. That is, this study focuses on selecting welding parameters for the Hardox 450 steel and determining the weld quality with respect to microstructural observations and mechanical tests, such as the Charpy, tensile and fatigue tests. Weld fracturing under increasing monotonic force was examined and was strongly related to both stress components, i.e., axial and shear. The joint response under fatigue was expressed through differences in the fracture zones, i.e., at a stress value lower than the proportional limit, and weld degradation occurred in the shear and axial stress components. The data indicate that the hourglass specimen, with the weld in the centre zone of the measurement section, can be directly used to determine a weld response under cyclic loading. The impact test results showed attractive behaviour in the tested joint, as represented by 47 J at −20 °C. The recommended MAG welding parameters for Hardox 450 steel are low-oxygen when using an Ar + 18% CO<sub>2</sub> shielding mixture. The collected results can be directly used as a guide to weld thin-walled structures (6 mm) made of Hardox grade steel, while the data from mechanical tests can support the modelling, designing and manufacturing of components made from this kind of steel grade. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:53:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35a88b0506eb4f538478e7b1474dfd96 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:53:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-35a88b0506eb4f538478e7b1474dfd962023-11-24T01:02:29ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-10-011520711810.3390/ma15207118Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet CoolingAbílio P. Silva0Tomasz Węgrzyn1Tadeusz Szymczak2Bożena Szczucka-Lasota3Bogusław Łazarz4Department Electromecanica, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalFaculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, PolandMotor Transport Institute, Jagiellońska 80, 03-301 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, PolandFaculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, PolandThe demand for high-strength steel welds, as observed in civil and transport engineering, is related to a mass reduction in vehicles. Container-type trucks are examples of this kind of transport means because their boxes are able to be produced using Hardox grade steels. Therefore, this study reflects on the properties of welds in the MAG welding of Hardox 450, obtained through an innovative micro-jet cooling process with helium. This joining technology aims to reduce the formation of defects and to obtain a joint with very good assumed mechanical properties. Structural components of grade steel require welds with acceptable mechanical parameters with respect to operational loading conditions. That is, this study focuses on selecting welding parameters for the Hardox 450 steel and determining the weld quality with respect to microstructural observations and mechanical tests, such as the Charpy, tensile and fatigue tests. Weld fracturing under increasing monotonic force was examined and was strongly related to both stress components, i.e., axial and shear. The joint response under fatigue was expressed through differences in the fracture zones, i.e., at a stress value lower than the proportional limit, and weld degradation occurred in the shear and axial stress components. The data indicate that the hourglass specimen, with the weld in the centre zone of the measurement section, can be directly used to determine a weld response under cyclic loading. The impact test results showed attractive behaviour in the tested joint, as represented by 47 J at −20 °C. The recommended MAG welding parameters for Hardox 450 steel are low-oxygen when using an Ar + 18% CO<sub>2</sub> shielding mixture. The collected results can be directly used as a guide to weld thin-walled structures (6 mm) made of Hardox grade steel, while the data from mechanical tests can support the modelling, designing and manufacturing of components made from this kind of steel grade.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/20/7118weldingmicro-jetHardoxhigh-strength steeljointcharacterisation |
| spellingShingle | Abílio P. Silva Tomasz Węgrzyn Tadeusz Szymczak Bożena Szczucka-Lasota Bogusław Łazarz Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet Cooling Materials welding micro-jet Hardox high-strength steel joint characterisation |
| title | Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet Cooling |
| title_full | Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet Cooling |
| title_fullStr | Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet Cooling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet Cooling |
| title_short | Hardox 450 Weld in Microstructural and Mechanical Approaches after Welding at Micro-Jet Cooling |
| title_sort | hardox 450 weld in microstructural and mechanical approaches after welding at micro jet cooling |
| topic | welding micro-jet Hardox high-strength steel joint characterisation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/20/7118 |
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