The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis
The CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of oxidative damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/14/1872 |
| _version_ | 1797589815165714432 |
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| author | Ana Maria Buga Vlad Padureanu Anca-Lelia Riza Carmen Nicoleta Oancea Carmen Valeria Albu Alexandru Dan Nica |
| author_facet | Ana Maria Buga Vlad Padureanu Anca-Lelia Riza Carmen Nicoleta Oancea Carmen Valeria Albu Alexandru Dan Nica |
| author_sort | Ana Maria Buga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of oxidative damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation mediated by the gut–brain axis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence suggests targeting gut microbiota can be a promising strategy for MS management. Intricate interaction between multiple factors leads to increased intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, frequently painting a different picture in vivo from that obtained under controlled conditions. Following an evidence-based approach, all proposed interventions should be validated in clinical trials with cohorts large enough to reach significance. Our review summarizes existing clinical trials focused on identifying suitable interventions, the suitable combinations, and appropriate timings to target microbiota-related oxidative stress. Most studies assessed relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS); only a few studies with very limited cohorts were carried out in other MS stages (e.g., secondary progressive MS–SPMS). Future trials must consider an extended time frame, perhaps starting with the perinatal period and lasting until the young adult period, aiming to capture as many complex intersystem interactions as possible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:12:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35b34c8e002d4edfac153d07d0450c85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:12:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-35b34c8e002d4edfac153d07d0450c852023-11-18T18:46:23ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-07-011214187210.3390/cells12141872The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple SclerosisAna Maria Buga0Vlad Padureanu1Anca-Lelia Riza2Carmen Nicoleta Oancea3Carmen Valeria Albu4Alexandru Dan Nica5Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, RomaniaLaboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaThe CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of oxidative damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation mediated by the gut–brain axis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence suggests targeting gut microbiota can be a promising strategy for MS management. Intricate interaction between multiple factors leads to increased intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, frequently painting a different picture in vivo from that obtained under controlled conditions. Following an evidence-based approach, all proposed interventions should be validated in clinical trials with cohorts large enough to reach significance. Our review summarizes existing clinical trials focused on identifying suitable interventions, the suitable combinations, and appropriate timings to target microbiota-related oxidative stress. Most studies assessed relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS); only a few studies with very limited cohorts were carried out in other MS stages (e.g., secondary progressive MS–SPMS). Future trials must consider an extended time frame, perhaps starting with the perinatal period and lasting until the young adult period, aiming to capture as many complex intersystem interactions as possible.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/14/1872gut–brain axisoxidative distressneuroinflammationinflammasomes |
| spellingShingle | Ana Maria Buga Vlad Padureanu Anca-Lelia Riza Carmen Nicoleta Oancea Carmen Valeria Albu Alexandru Dan Nica The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis Cells gut–brain axis oxidative distress neuroinflammation inflammasomes |
| title | The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full | The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_short | The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_sort | gut brain axis as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis |
| topic | gut–brain axis oxidative distress neuroinflammation inflammasomes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/14/1872 |
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