Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase Behavior
Concentration scaling on linear viscoelastic properties of cellular suspensions has been studied by rheometric characterisation of <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions and human blood in a wide range of volume fraction under small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. The rheometric characte...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4107 |
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| author | Geng-Xin Xu Xue-Feng Yuan Qing-Song Liu Howard Wang |
| author_facet | Geng-Xin Xu Xue-Feng Yuan Qing-Song Liu Howard Wang |
| author_sort | Geng-Xin Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Concentration scaling on linear viscoelastic properties of cellular suspensions has been studied by rheometric characterisation of <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions and human blood in a wide range of volume fraction under small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. The rheometric characterisation results are analysed by the time-concentration superposition (TCS) principle and show a power law scaling of characteristic relaxation time, plateau modulus and the zero-shear viscosity over the concentration ranges studied. The results show that the concentration effect of <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions on their elasticity is much stronger than that of human blood due to its strong cellular interactions and a high aspect ratio. For human blood, no obvious phase transition could be observed over the range of hematocrits studied here and with respect to a high-frequency dynamic regime, only one concentration scaling exponent could be identified. For <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions with respect to a low-frequency dynamic regime, three concentration scaling exponents in the volume fraction Region I (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.36</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.46</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), Region II (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.59</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>2.89</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and Region III (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>3.11</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>3.44</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) are identified. The image observation shows that the network formation of <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions occurs as the volume fraction is increased from Region I to Region II; the sol-gel transition takes place from Region II to Region III. In combination with analysis of other nanoscale suspensions and liquid crystalline polymer solutions reported in the literature, it is revealed that such a power law concentration scaling exponent depends on colloidal or molecular interactions mediated with solvent and is sensitive to the equilibrium phase behaviour of complex fluids. The TCS principle is an unambiguous tool to give a quantitative estimation. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-35b95a90f2ae43018dfe370e6bcd51fb2023-11-16T21:09:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01244410710.3390/ijms24044107Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase BehaviorGeng-Xin Xu0Xue-Feng Yuan1Qing-Song Liu2Howard Wang3Institute for Systems Rheology, Guangzhou University, No. 230 West Outer Ring Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaInstitute for Systems Rheology, Guangzhou University, No. 230 West Outer Ring Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaNeutron Science Platform, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, ChinaNeutron Science Platform, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, ChinaConcentration scaling on linear viscoelastic properties of cellular suspensions has been studied by rheometric characterisation of <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions and human blood in a wide range of volume fraction under small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. The rheometric characterisation results are analysed by the time-concentration superposition (TCS) principle and show a power law scaling of characteristic relaxation time, plateau modulus and the zero-shear viscosity over the concentration ranges studied. The results show that the concentration effect of <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions on their elasticity is much stronger than that of human blood due to its strong cellular interactions and a high aspect ratio. For human blood, no obvious phase transition could be observed over the range of hematocrits studied here and with respect to a high-frequency dynamic regime, only one concentration scaling exponent could be identified. For <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions with respect to a low-frequency dynamic regime, three concentration scaling exponents in the volume fraction Region I (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.36</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.46</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), Region II (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.59</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>2.89</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and Region III (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>3.11</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>3.44</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) are identified. The image observation shows that the network formation of <i>Phormidium</i> suspensions occurs as the volume fraction is increased from Region I to Region II; the sol-gel transition takes place from Region II to Region III. In combination with analysis of other nanoscale suspensions and liquid crystalline polymer solutions reported in the literature, it is revealed that such a power law concentration scaling exponent depends on colloidal or molecular interactions mediated with solvent and is sensitive to the equilibrium phase behaviour of complex fluids. The TCS principle is an unambiguous tool to give a quantitative estimation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4107cellular suspensionsnanocrystalsliquid crystalline polymerrheometric characterisationtime-concentration superposition principle |
| spellingShingle | Geng-Xin Xu Xue-Feng Yuan Qing-Song Liu Howard Wang Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase Behavior International Journal of Molecular Sciences cellular suspensions nanocrystals liquid crystalline polymer rheometric characterisation time-concentration superposition principle |
| title | Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase Behavior |
| title_full | Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase Behavior |
| title_fullStr | Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase Behavior |
| title_short | Concentration Scaling on Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Cellular Suspensions and Effects of Equilibrium Phase Behavior |
| title_sort | concentration scaling on linear viscoelastic properties of cellular suspensions and effects of equilibrium phase behavior |
| topic | cellular suspensions nanocrystals liquid crystalline polymer rheometric characterisation time-concentration superposition principle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4107 |
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