Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells
Coronaviruses and influenza viruses are circulating in humans and animals all over the world. Co-infection with these two viruses may aggravate clinical signs. However, the molecular mechanisms of co-infections by these two viruses are incompletely understood. In this study, we applied air-liquid in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Virulence |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1911148 |
| _version_ | 1798014821519589376 |
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| author | Ju-Yi Peng Dai-Lun Shin Guangxing Li Nai-Huei Wu Georg Herrler |
| author_facet | Ju-Yi Peng Dai-Lun Shin Guangxing Li Nai-Huei Wu Georg Herrler |
| author_sort | Ju-Yi Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronaviruses and influenza viruses are circulating in humans and animals all over the world. Co-infection with these two viruses may aggravate clinical signs. However, the molecular mechanisms of co-infections by these two viruses are incompletely understood. In this study, we applied air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of well-differentiated porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) to analyze the co-infection by a swine influenza virus (SIV, H3N2 subtype) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV) at different time intervals. Our results revealed that in short-term intervals, prior infection by influenza virus caused complete inhibition of coronavirus infection, while in long-term intervals, some coronavirus replication was detectable. The influenza virus infection resulted in (i) an upregulation of porcine aminopeptidase N, the cellular receptor for PRCoV and (ii) in the induction of an innate immune response which was responsible for the inhibition of PRCoV replication. By contrast, prior infection by coronavirus only caused a slight inhibition of influenza virus replication. Taken together, the timing and the order of virus infection are important determinants in co-infections. This study is the first to show the impact of SIV and PRCoV co- and super-infection on the cellular level. Our results have implications also for human viruses, including potential co-infections by SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:24:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35bcd8f74b604f9e936a3e763f0a7464 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-5594 2150-5608 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:24:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virulence |
| spelling | doaj.art-35bcd8f74b604f9e936a3e763f0a74642022-12-22T04:16:18ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082021-12-011211111112110.1080/21505594.2021.19111481911148Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cellsJu-Yi Peng0Dai-Lun Shin1Guangxing Li2Nai-Huei Wu3Georg Herrler4University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverNortheast Agricultural UniversityUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverCoronaviruses and influenza viruses are circulating in humans and animals all over the world. Co-infection with these two viruses may aggravate clinical signs. However, the molecular mechanisms of co-infections by these two viruses are incompletely understood. In this study, we applied air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of well-differentiated porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) to analyze the co-infection by a swine influenza virus (SIV, H3N2 subtype) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV) at different time intervals. Our results revealed that in short-term intervals, prior infection by influenza virus caused complete inhibition of coronavirus infection, while in long-term intervals, some coronavirus replication was detectable. The influenza virus infection resulted in (i) an upregulation of porcine aminopeptidase N, the cellular receptor for PRCoV and (ii) in the induction of an innate immune response which was responsible for the inhibition of PRCoV replication. By contrast, prior infection by coronavirus only caused a slight inhibition of influenza virus replication. Taken together, the timing and the order of virus infection are important determinants in co-infections. This study is the first to show the impact of SIV and PRCoV co- and super-infection on the cellular level. Our results have implications also for human viruses, including potential co-infections by SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1911148co-infectionsuper-infectionviral interferenceporcine respiratory coronavirusswine influenza virusair-liquid interface cultureporcine respiratory disease complexporcine aminopeptidase ninnate immune responsereceptor |
| spellingShingle | Ju-Yi Peng Dai-Lun Shin Guangxing Li Nai-Huei Wu Georg Herrler Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells Virulence co-infection super-infection viral interference porcine respiratory coronavirus swine influenza virus air-liquid interface culture porcine respiratory disease complex porcine aminopeptidase n innate immune response receptor |
| title | Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells |
| title_full | Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells |
| title_fullStr | Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells |
| title_short | Time-dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells |
| title_sort | time dependent viral interference between influenza virus and coronavirus in the infection of differentiated porcine airway epithelial cells |
| topic | co-infection super-infection viral interference porcine respiratory coronavirus swine influenza virus air-liquid interface culture porcine respiratory disease complex porcine aminopeptidase n innate immune response receptor |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2021.1911148 |
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