Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams
New rigid polyurethane foams (RPURFs) modified with two types of bio-polyols based on rapeseed oil were elaborated and characterized. The effect of the bio-polyols with different functionality, synthesized by the epoxidation and oxirane ring-opening method, on the cell structure and selected propert...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/18/3660 |
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| author | Aleksander Prociak Michał Kucała Maria Kurańska Mateusz Barczewski |
| author_facet | Aleksander Prociak Michał Kucała Maria Kurańska Mateusz Barczewski |
| author_sort | Aleksander Prociak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | New rigid polyurethane foams (RPURFs) modified with two types of bio-polyols based on rapeseed oil were elaborated and characterized. The effect of the bio-polyols with different functionality, synthesized by the epoxidation and oxirane ring-opening method, on the cell structure and selected properties of modified foams was evaluated. As oxirane ring-opening agents, 1-hexanol and 1.6-hexanediol were used to obtain bio-polyols with different functionality and hydroxyl numbers. Bio-polyols in different ratios were used to modify the polyurethane (PUR) composition, replacing 40 wt.% petrochemical polyol. The mass ratio of the used bio-polyols (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1) affected the course of the foaming process of the PUR composition as well as the cellular structure and the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained foams. In general, the modification of the reference PUR system with the applied bio-polyols improved the cellular structure of the foam, reducing the size of the cells. Replacing the petrochemical polyol with the bio-polyols did not cause major differences in the apparent density (40–43 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), closed-cell content (87–89%), thermal conductivity (25–26 mW⋅(m⋅K)<sup>−1</sup>), brittleness (4.7–7.5%), or dimensional stability (<0.7%) of RPURFs. The compressive strength at 10% deformation was in the range of 190–260 and 120–190 kPa, respectively, for directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam growth. DMA analysis confirmed that an increase in the bio-polyol of low functionality in the bio-polyol mixture reduced the compressive strength of the modified foams. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:12:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35e0f236208849d5b891edcb3fb804d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:12:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-35e0f236208849d5b891edcb3fb804d42023-11-19T12:33:58ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-09-011518366010.3390/polym15183660Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane FoamsAleksander Prociak0Michał Kucała1Maria Kurańska2Mateusz Barczewski3Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, PolandNew rigid polyurethane foams (RPURFs) modified with two types of bio-polyols based on rapeseed oil were elaborated and characterized. The effect of the bio-polyols with different functionality, synthesized by the epoxidation and oxirane ring-opening method, on the cell structure and selected properties of modified foams was evaluated. As oxirane ring-opening agents, 1-hexanol and 1.6-hexanediol were used to obtain bio-polyols with different functionality and hydroxyl numbers. Bio-polyols in different ratios were used to modify the polyurethane (PUR) composition, replacing 40 wt.% petrochemical polyol. The mass ratio of the used bio-polyols (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1) affected the course of the foaming process of the PUR composition as well as the cellular structure and the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained foams. In general, the modification of the reference PUR system with the applied bio-polyols improved the cellular structure of the foam, reducing the size of the cells. Replacing the petrochemical polyol with the bio-polyols did not cause major differences in the apparent density (40–43 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), closed-cell content (87–89%), thermal conductivity (25–26 mW⋅(m⋅K)<sup>−1</sup>), brittleness (4.7–7.5%), or dimensional stability (<0.7%) of RPURFs. The compressive strength at 10% deformation was in the range of 190–260 and 120–190 kPa, respectively, for directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of foam growth. DMA analysis confirmed that an increase in the bio-polyol of low functionality in the bio-polyol mixture reduced the compressive strength of the modified foams.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/18/3660rigid polyurethane foamsbio-polyolsrenewable resourcesmechanical propertiesphysical properties |
| spellingShingle | Aleksander Prociak Michał Kucała Maria Kurańska Mateusz Barczewski Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Polymers rigid polyurethane foams bio-polyols renewable resources mechanical properties physical properties |
| title | Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams |
| title_full | Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams |
| title_short | Effect of Selected Bio-Components on the Cell Structure and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams |
| title_sort | effect of selected bio components on the cell structure and properties of rigid polyurethane foams |
| topic | rigid polyurethane foams bio-polyols renewable resources mechanical properties physical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/18/3660 |
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