The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity
In the ongoing arms race between virus and host, fine-tuned gene expression plays a critical role in antiviral signaling. However, viruses have evolved to disrupt this process and promote their own replication by targeting host restriction factors. Polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) is a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1032 |
| _version_ | 1797598073852002304 |
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| author | Matthew W. Kenaston Priya S. Shah |
| author_facet | Matthew W. Kenaston Priya S. Shah |
| author_sort | Matthew W. Kenaston |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the ongoing arms race between virus and host, fine-tuned gene expression plays a critical role in antiviral signaling. However, viruses have evolved to disrupt this process and promote their own replication by targeting host restriction factors. Polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) is a key player in this relationship, recruiting other host factors to regulate transcription and modulate innate immune gene expression. Consequently, PAF1C is consistently targeted by a diverse range of viruses, either to suppress its antiviral functions or co-opt them for their own benefit. In this review, we delve into the current mechanisms through which PAF1C restricts viruses by activating interferon and inflammatory responses at the transcriptional level. We also highlight how the ubiquity of these mechanisms makes PAF1C especially vulnerable to viral hijacking and antagonism. Indeed, as often as PAF1C is revealed to be a restriction factor, viruses are found to have targeted the complex in reply. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35ec4fc0f4d54b9fa24f27297a42836d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-35ec4fc0f4d54b9fa24f27297a42836d2023-11-18T03:37:57ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-04-01155103210.3390/v15051032The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral ImmunityMatthew W. Kenaston0Priya S. Shah1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAIn the ongoing arms race between virus and host, fine-tuned gene expression plays a critical role in antiviral signaling. However, viruses have evolved to disrupt this process and promote their own replication by targeting host restriction factors. Polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) is a key player in this relationship, recruiting other host factors to regulate transcription and modulate innate immune gene expression. Consequently, PAF1C is consistently targeted by a diverse range of viruses, either to suppress its antiviral functions or co-opt them for their own benefit. In this review, we delve into the current mechanisms through which PAF1C restricts viruses by activating interferon and inflammatory responses at the transcriptional level. We also highlight how the ubiquity of these mechanisms makes PAF1C especially vulnerable to viral hijacking and antagonism. Indeed, as often as PAF1C is revealed to be a restriction factor, viruses are found to have targeted the complex in reply.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1032polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C)antiviral immunitygene expressionvirus–host interactions |
| spellingShingle | Matthew W. Kenaston Priya S. Shah The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity Viruses polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) antiviral immunity gene expression virus–host interactions |
| title | The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity |
| title_full | The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity |
| title_fullStr | The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity |
| title_short | The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity |
| title_sort | archer and the prey the duality of paf1c in antiviral immunity |
| topic | polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) antiviral immunity gene expression virus–host interactions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1032 |
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