ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project
Background: Previous studies regarding antioxidant consumption and glaucoma have shown contradictory results. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of the consumption of three vitamins (A, C and E) on the incidence of glaucoma in the SUN Project. Methods: For this study, 18,669 pa...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/5129 |
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| author | Javier Moreno-Montañés Elsa Gándara Laura Moreno-Galarraga Maria S. Hershey José Francisco López-Gil Stefanos Kales Maira Bes-Rastrollo Miguel Ángel Martínez-González Alejandro Fernandez-Montero |
| author_facet | Javier Moreno-Montañés Elsa Gándara Laura Moreno-Galarraga Maria S. Hershey José Francisco López-Gil Stefanos Kales Maira Bes-Rastrollo Miguel Ángel Martínez-González Alejandro Fernandez-Montero |
| author_sort | Javier Moreno-Montañés |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Previous studies regarding antioxidant consumption and glaucoma have shown contradictory results. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of the consumption of three vitamins (A, C and E) on the incidence of glaucoma in the SUN Project. Methods: For this study, 18,669 participants were included. The mean follow-up was 11.5 years. An index including vitamins A, C and E (ACE-Vitamin Index) was calculated. Vitamin intake was extracted from participants’ dietary data and vitamin supplements, if taken. Information on glaucoma incidence was collected by previously validated self-reported questionnaires. The association between glaucoma and vitamin intake was assessed by repeated-measures Cox regression using multi-adjusted hazard ratios. Results: A total of 251 (1.3%) cases of glaucoma were detected. Participants with a higher ACE-Vitamin Index presented a reduced risk of glaucoma compared to participants with lower consumption (adjusted HR = 0.73; 95% CI, (0.55–0.98)). When each vitamin was analyzed individually, none of them had a significant protective effect. The protective effect of the ACE-Vitamin Index was higher in men and older participants (≥55 year). Conclusions: The consumption of vitamins A, C and E considered separately do not seem to exert a protective effect against glaucoma, but when these vitamins are considered together, they are associated with a lower risk of glaucoma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:36:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35ed3e8703714fec8f238d87498ffe4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:36:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-35ed3e8703714fec8f238d87498ffe4f2023-11-24T11:52:41ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-12-011423512910.3390/nu14235129ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN ProjectJavier Moreno-Montañés0Elsa Gándara1Laura Moreno-Galarraga2Maria S. Hershey3José Francisco López-Gil4Stefanos Kales5Maira Bes-Rastrollo6Miguel Ángel Martínez-González7Alejandro Fernandez-Montero8Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USADepartment of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USADepartment of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USAInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainBackground: Previous studies regarding antioxidant consumption and glaucoma have shown contradictory results. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of the consumption of three vitamins (A, C and E) on the incidence of glaucoma in the SUN Project. Methods: For this study, 18,669 participants were included. The mean follow-up was 11.5 years. An index including vitamins A, C and E (ACE-Vitamin Index) was calculated. Vitamin intake was extracted from participants’ dietary data and vitamin supplements, if taken. Information on glaucoma incidence was collected by previously validated self-reported questionnaires. The association between glaucoma and vitamin intake was assessed by repeated-measures Cox regression using multi-adjusted hazard ratios. Results: A total of 251 (1.3%) cases of glaucoma were detected. Participants with a higher ACE-Vitamin Index presented a reduced risk of glaucoma compared to participants with lower consumption (adjusted HR = 0.73; 95% CI, (0.55–0.98)). When each vitamin was analyzed individually, none of them had a significant protective effect. The protective effect of the ACE-Vitamin Index was higher in men and older participants (≥55 year). Conclusions: The consumption of vitamins A, C and E considered separately do not seem to exert a protective effect against glaucoma, but when these vitamins are considered together, they are associated with a lower risk of glaucoma.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/5129vitamin Avitamin Cvitamin EglaucomaSUN project |
| spellingShingle | Javier Moreno-Montañés Elsa Gándara Laura Moreno-Galarraga Maria S. Hershey José Francisco López-Gil Stefanos Kales Maira Bes-Rastrollo Miguel Ángel Martínez-González Alejandro Fernandez-Montero ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project Nutrients vitamin A vitamin C vitamin E glaucoma SUN project |
| title | ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project |
| title_full | ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project |
| title_fullStr | ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project |
| title_full_unstemmed | ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project |
| title_short | ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project |
| title_sort | ace vitamin index and risk of glaucoma the sun project |
| topic | vitamin A vitamin C vitamin E glaucoma SUN project |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/5129 |
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