NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in Sulfolobus

To investigate DNA damage response in the model crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, four different DNA damage agents were tested for their effects on cell death of this archaeon, including UV irradiation, methyl methanesulfonate, cisplatin, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (NQO). Cell death featured wit...

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Main Authors: Wenyuan Han, Yanqun Xu, Xu Feng, Yun X. Liang, Li Huang, Yulong Shen, Qunxin She
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01480/full
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author Wenyuan Han
Yanqun Xu
Yanqun Xu
Xu Feng
Xu Feng
Yun X. Liang
Li Huang
Yulong Shen
Qunxin She
Qunxin She
author_facet Wenyuan Han
Yanqun Xu
Yanqun Xu
Xu Feng
Xu Feng
Yun X. Liang
Li Huang
Yulong Shen
Qunxin She
Qunxin She
author_sort Wenyuan Han
collection DOAJ
description To investigate DNA damage response in the model crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, four different DNA damage agents were tested for their effects on cell death of this archaeon, including UV irradiation, methyl methanesulfonate, cisplatin, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (NQO). Cell death featured with DNA-less cell formation was revealed in DNA damage treatment with each agent. Cellular responses upon NQO treatment were characterized in details, and following sequential events were revealed, including: a modest accumulation of G1/S phase cells, membrane depolarization, proteolytic degradation of chromatin proteins, and chromosomal DNA degradation. Further insights into the process were gained from studying drugs that affect the archaeal ATP synthase, including a proton gradient uncoupler and an ATP synthase inhibitor. Whereas the proton uncoupler-mediated excess proton influx yielded cell death as observed for the NQO treatment, inhibition of ATP synthase attenuated NQO-induced membrane depolarization and DNA-less cell formation. In conclusion, the NQO-induced cell death in S. islandicus is characterized by proteolytic degradation of chromatin protein, and chromosomal DNA degradation, which probably represents a common feature for the cell death induced by different DNA damage agents.
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spelling doaj.art-35ef99da97ad46eea2acd18fd99f89a92022-12-21T23:37:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2017-08-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.01480280825NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in SulfolobusWenyuan Han0Yanqun Xu1Yanqun Xu2Xu Feng3Xu Feng4Yun X. Liang5Li Huang6Yulong Shen7Qunxin She8Qunxin She9Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, DenmarkArchaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, DenmarkState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, ChinaArchaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, DenmarkState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, ChinaArchaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, DenmarkState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, ChinaTo investigate DNA damage response in the model crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, four different DNA damage agents were tested for their effects on cell death of this archaeon, including UV irradiation, methyl methanesulfonate, cisplatin, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (NQO). Cell death featured with DNA-less cell formation was revealed in DNA damage treatment with each agent. Cellular responses upon NQO treatment were characterized in details, and following sequential events were revealed, including: a modest accumulation of G1/S phase cells, membrane depolarization, proteolytic degradation of chromatin proteins, and chromosomal DNA degradation. Further insights into the process were gained from studying drugs that affect the archaeal ATP synthase, including a proton gradient uncoupler and an ATP synthase inhibitor. Whereas the proton uncoupler-mediated excess proton influx yielded cell death as observed for the NQO treatment, inhibition of ATP synthase attenuated NQO-induced membrane depolarization and DNA-less cell formation. In conclusion, the NQO-induced cell death in S. islandicus is characterized by proteolytic degradation of chromatin protein, and chromosomal DNA degradation, which probably represents a common feature for the cell death induced by different DNA damage agents.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01480/fullSulfolobusDNA damageDNA-less cell formationchromatin proteinA0A1-ATPase
spellingShingle Wenyuan Han
Yanqun Xu
Yanqun Xu
Xu Feng
Xu Feng
Yun X. Liang
Li Huang
Yulong Shen
Qunxin She
Qunxin She
NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in Sulfolobus
Frontiers in Microbiology
Sulfolobus
DNA damage
DNA-less cell formation
chromatin protein
A0A1-ATPase
title NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in Sulfolobus
title_full NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in Sulfolobus
title_fullStr NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in Sulfolobus
title_full_unstemmed NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in Sulfolobus
title_short NQO-Induced DNA-Less Cell Formation Is Associated with Chromatin Protein Degradation and Dependent on A0A1-ATPase in Sulfolobus
title_sort nqo induced dna less cell formation is associated with chromatin protein degradation and dependent on a0a1 atpase in sulfolobus
topic Sulfolobus
DNA damage
DNA-less cell formation
chromatin protein
A0A1-ATPase
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01480/full
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