Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan
Abstract Large earthquakes around Japan occur not only in the Pacific Ocean but also in the Sea of Japan, and cause both damage from the earthquake itself and from the ensuing tsunami to the coastal areas. Recently, offshore active fault surveys were conducted in the Sea of Japan by the Integrated R...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Earth, Planets and Space |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01607-4 |
| _version_ | 1828847381691498496 |
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| author | Satoko Murotani Kenji Satake Takeo Ishibe Tomoya Harada |
| author_facet | Satoko Murotani Kenji Satake Takeo Ishibe Tomoya Harada |
| author_sort | Satoko Murotani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Large earthquakes around Japan occur not only in the Pacific Ocean but also in the Sea of Japan, and cause both damage from the earthquake itself and from the ensuing tsunami to the coastal areas. Recently, offshore active fault surveys were conducted in the Sea of Japan by the Integrated Research Project on Seismic and Tsunami Hazards around the Sea of Japan (JSPJ), and their fault models (length, width, strike, dip, and slip angles) have been obtained. We examined the causative faults of M7 or larger earthquakes in the Sea of Japan during the twentieth century, comprising events of 1940, 1964, 1983, and 1993, using seismic and tsunami data. The 1940 off Shakotan Peninsula earthquake (M JMA 7.5) appears to have been caused by the offshore active faults MS01, MS02, ST01, and ST02 as modeled by the JSPJ. The 1993 off the southwest coast of Hokkaido earthquake (M JMA 7.8) likely occurred on the offshore active faults OK03a, OK03b, and OK05, while the 1983 Central Sea of Japan earthquake (M JMA 7.7) probably related to MMS01, MMS04, and MGM01. For these earthquakes, the observed tsunami waveforms were basically reproduced by tsunami numerical simulation from the offshore active faults with the slip amounts obtained by the scaling relation with three stages between seismic moment and source area for inland earthquakes. However, the observed tsunami runup heights along the coast were not reproduced at certain locations, possibly because of the coarse bathymetry data used for the simulation. The 1983 west off Aomori (M JMA 7.1) and the 1964 off Oga Peninsula (M JMA 6.9) earthquakes showed multiple faults near the source area that could be used to reproduce the observed tsunami waveforms; therefore, we could not identify the causative faults. Further analysis using near-field seismic waveforms is required for their identification of their causative faults and their parameters. The scaling relation for inland earthquakes can be used to obtain the slip amounts for offshore active faults in the Sea of Japan and to estimate the coastal tsunami heights and inundation area which can be useful for disaster prevention and mitigation of future earthquakes and tsunamis. Graphical Abstract |
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| id | doaj.art-35f23c8632994ac18e0b7d0f2a988793 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1880-5981 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T22:07:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Earth, Planets and Space |
| spelling | doaj.art-35f23c8632994ac18e0b7d0f2a9887932022-12-22T00:10:20ZengSpringerOpenEarth, Planets and Space1880-59812022-04-0174112610.1186/s40623-022-01607-4Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of JapanSatoko Murotani0Kenji Satake1Takeo Ishibe2Tomoya Harada3National Museum of Nature and ScienceEarthquake Research Institute, The University of TokyoEarthquake Research Institute, The University of TokyoEarthquake Research Institute, The University of TokyoAbstract Large earthquakes around Japan occur not only in the Pacific Ocean but also in the Sea of Japan, and cause both damage from the earthquake itself and from the ensuing tsunami to the coastal areas. Recently, offshore active fault surveys were conducted in the Sea of Japan by the Integrated Research Project on Seismic and Tsunami Hazards around the Sea of Japan (JSPJ), and their fault models (length, width, strike, dip, and slip angles) have been obtained. We examined the causative faults of M7 or larger earthquakes in the Sea of Japan during the twentieth century, comprising events of 1940, 1964, 1983, and 1993, using seismic and tsunami data. The 1940 off Shakotan Peninsula earthquake (M JMA 7.5) appears to have been caused by the offshore active faults MS01, MS02, ST01, and ST02 as modeled by the JSPJ. The 1993 off the southwest coast of Hokkaido earthquake (M JMA 7.8) likely occurred on the offshore active faults OK03a, OK03b, and OK05, while the 1983 Central Sea of Japan earthquake (M JMA 7.7) probably related to MMS01, MMS04, and MGM01. For these earthquakes, the observed tsunami waveforms were basically reproduced by tsunami numerical simulation from the offshore active faults with the slip amounts obtained by the scaling relation with three stages between seismic moment and source area for inland earthquakes. However, the observed tsunami runup heights along the coast were not reproduced at certain locations, possibly because of the coarse bathymetry data used for the simulation. The 1983 west off Aomori (M JMA 7.1) and the 1964 off Oga Peninsula (M JMA 6.9) earthquakes showed multiple faults near the source area that could be used to reproduce the observed tsunami waveforms; therefore, we could not identify the causative faults. Further analysis using near-field seismic waveforms is required for their identification of their causative faults and their parameters. The scaling relation for inland earthquakes can be used to obtain the slip amounts for offshore active faults in the Sea of Japan and to estimate the coastal tsunami heights and inundation area which can be useful for disaster prevention and mitigation of future earthquakes and tsunamis. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01607-4Large earthquakes of the Sea of Japan1940 off Shakotan Peninsula earthquake1993 off the southwest coast of Hokkaido earthquake1983 Central Sea of Japan earthquake1983 west off Aomori earthquake1964 off Oga Peninsula earthquake |
| spellingShingle | Satoko Murotani Kenji Satake Takeo Ishibe Tomoya Harada Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan Earth, Planets and Space Large earthquakes of the Sea of Japan 1940 off Shakotan Peninsula earthquake 1993 off the southwest coast of Hokkaido earthquake 1983 Central Sea of Japan earthquake 1983 west off Aomori earthquake 1964 off Oga Peninsula earthquake |
| title | Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan |
| title_full | Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan |
| title_fullStr | Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan |
| title_short | Reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off Hokkaido and Tohoku along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan |
| title_sort | reexamination of tsunami source models for the twentieth century earthquakes off hokkaido and tohoku along the eastern margin of the sea of japan |
| topic | Large earthquakes of the Sea of Japan 1940 off Shakotan Peninsula earthquake 1993 off the southwest coast of Hokkaido earthquake 1983 Central Sea of Japan earthquake 1983 west off Aomori earthquake 1964 off Oga Peninsula earthquake |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01607-4 |
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