A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation
<i>Alternaria</i> toxins are emerging mycotoxins whose regulation and standardization are in progress by the European Commission and the European Committee for Standardization. This paper describes a dilute and shoot approach to determine five <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in sele...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1017 |
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| author | Ádám Tölgyesi Tamás Farkas Mária Bálint Thomas J. McDonald Virender K. Sharma |
| author_facet | Ádám Tölgyesi Tamás Farkas Mária Bálint Thomas J. McDonald Virender K. Sharma |
| author_sort | Ádám Tölgyesi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Alternaria</i> toxins are emerging mycotoxins whose regulation and standardization are in progress by the European Commission and the European Committee for Standardization. This paper describes a dilute and shoot approach to determine five <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in selected food samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The strategy involves sample extraction with acidified aqueous methanol, followed by a solvent change accomplished via sample evaporation and reconstitution. The quantification is based on isotope dilution, applying all corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards to compensate possible matrix effects of the analysis. The main advantages of the present method over other existing methods includes simple and effective sample preparation, as well as detection with high sensitivity. The five-fold sample dilution can decrease matrix effects, which were evaluated with both external and internal standard methods. The results demonstrated a limit of quantification lower than 1.0 µg/kg for all five analytes for the first time. The newly presented method showed acceptable accuracy (52.7–111%) when analyzing naturally contaminated and spiked standard samples at the described levels. The method was validated for tomato-based and flour samples (wheat, rye, and maize). The absolute recovery ranged from 66.7% to 91.6% (RSD < 10%). The developed method could be an alternative approach for those laboratories that exclude sample cleanup and pre-concentration of state-of-the-art instruments with enhanced sensitivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:52:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36037fbf4807457f9a3fb28adbcce98e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:52:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-36037fbf4807457f9a3fb28adbcce98e2023-12-11T17:08:01ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-02-01264101710.3390/molecules26041017A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS SeparationÁdám Tölgyesi0Tamás Farkas1Mária Bálint2Thomas J. McDonald3Virender K. Sharma4Bálint Analitika Ltd., Fehérvári út 144, 1116 Budapest, HungaryBálint Analitika Ltd., Fehérvári út 144, 1116 Budapest, HungaryBálint Analitika Ltd., Fehérvári út 144, 1116 Budapest, HungaryProgram for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USAProgram for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA<i>Alternaria</i> toxins are emerging mycotoxins whose regulation and standardization are in progress by the European Commission and the European Committee for Standardization. This paper describes a dilute and shoot approach to determine five <i>Alternaria</i> toxins in selected food samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The strategy involves sample extraction with acidified aqueous methanol, followed by a solvent change accomplished via sample evaporation and reconstitution. The quantification is based on isotope dilution, applying all corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards to compensate possible matrix effects of the analysis. The main advantages of the present method over other existing methods includes simple and effective sample preparation, as well as detection with high sensitivity. The five-fold sample dilution can decrease matrix effects, which were evaluated with both external and internal standard methods. The results demonstrated a limit of quantification lower than 1.0 µg/kg for all five analytes for the first time. The newly presented method showed acceptable accuracy (52.7–111%) when analyzing naturally contaminated and spiked standard samples at the described levels. The method was validated for tomato-based and flour samples (wheat, rye, and maize). The absolute recovery ranged from 66.7% to 91.6% (RSD < 10%). The developed method could be an alternative approach for those laboratories that exclude sample cleanup and pre-concentration of state-of-the-art instruments with enhanced sensitivity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1017<i>Alternaria</i> toxinsLC-MS/MSisotope dilutiondilute and shootfood samples |
| spellingShingle | Ádám Tölgyesi Tamás Farkas Mária Bálint Thomas J. McDonald Virender K. Sharma A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation Molecules <i>Alternaria</i> toxins LC-MS/MS isotope dilution dilute and shoot food samples |
| title | A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation |
| title_full | A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation |
| title_fullStr | A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation |
| title_short | A Dilute and Shoot Strategy for Determining <i>Alternaria</i> Toxins in Tomato-Based Samples and in Different Flours Using LC-IDMS Separation |
| title_sort | dilute and shoot strategy for determining i alternaria i toxins in tomato based samples and in different flours using lc idms separation |
| topic | <i>Alternaria</i> toxins LC-MS/MS isotope dilution dilute and shoot food samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1017 |
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