The influence of transformed Reynolds number suppression on gas transfer parameterizations and global DMS and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes
<p>Eddy covariance measurements show gas transfer velocity suppression at medium to high wind speed. A wind–wave interaction described by the transformed Reynolds number is used to characterize environmental conditions favoring this suppression. We take the transformed Reynolds number paramete...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/1819/2019/acp-19-1819-2019.pdf |
| Summary: | <p>Eddy covariance measurements show gas transfer velocity suppression at medium to high wind speed. A
wind–wave interaction described by the transformed Reynolds number is used to
characterize environmental conditions favoring this suppression. We take the transformed
Reynolds number parameterization to review the two most cited wind speed gas transfer
velocity parameterizations: <span class="cit" id="xref_text.1"><a href="#bib1.bibx12">Nightingale et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx12">2000</a>)</span> and <span class="cit" id="xref_text.2"><a href="#bib1.bibx19">Wanninkhof</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx19">1992</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx20">2014</a>)</span>. We propose an algorithm
to adjust <span class="inline-formula"><i>k</i></span> values for the effect of gas transfer suppression and validate it with two
directly measured dimethyl sulfide (DMS) gas transfer velocity data sets that experienced
gas transfer suppression. We also show that the data set used in the Nightingale 2000
parameterization experienced gas transfer suppression. A compensation of the suppression
effect leads to an average increase of 22 % in the <span class="inline-formula"><i>k</i></span> vs. <span class="inline-formula"><i>u</i></span> relationship. Performing
the same correction for Wanninkhof 2014 leads to an increase of 9.85 %. Additionally,
we applied our gas transfer suppression algorithm to global air–sea flux climatologies
of <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span> and DMS. The global application of gas transfer suppression leads to a
decrease of 11 % in DMS outgassing. We expect the magnitude of Reynolds suppression on
any global air–sea gas exchange to be about 10 %.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |