Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population
The main objective of this study was to assess the exposure associated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) of the adult population in Serbia from consumption of milk and dairy products. This assessment was performed using concentration values of AFM1 in raw milk (385 samples) and dairy products (556 samples) b...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/21/7420 |
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| author | Ilija Djekic Jelena Petrovic Milica Jovetic Azra Redzepovic-Djordjevic Milica Stulic Jose M. Lorenzo Marco Iammarino Igor Tomasevic |
| author_facet | Ilija Djekic Jelena Petrovic Milica Jovetic Azra Redzepovic-Djordjevic Milica Stulic Jose M. Lorenzo Marco Iammarino Igor Tomasevic |
| author_sort | Ilija Djekic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main objective of this study was to assess the exposure associated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) of the adult population in Serbia from consumption of milk and dairy products. This assessment was performed using concentration values of AFM1 in raw milk (385 samples) and dairy products (556 samples) based on the analyses conducted in the period between 2015 and 2018. In parallel, a dairy products consumption survey was completed during 2018 based on ‘one-day’ and ‘seven-day’ recall methods. In order to estimate the intake of AFM1 from the consumption of dairy products for both recall methods, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted. The study revealed that pasteurized milk and yogurt are dairy products mostly consumed by the Serbian adult population. Estimated daily intake of AFM1 was in the range of 62–74 × 10<sup>−3</sup> ng/kg bw/day, depending on the recall methods and scenarios employed. Although the results show moderate exposure risks compared to similar studies worldwide, climatic conditions and weather extremes that have occurred recently may have negatively influenced the contamination of feed and, consequently, AFM1 contamination of milk. As a result, it is justifiable to promote continuous monitoring in feed and dairy supply chains in Serbia and provide an update of exposure assessment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:24:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36118822485242a3b1aa98fb25f63af7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:24:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-36118822485242a3b1aa98fb25f63af72023-11-20T18:11:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-10-011021742010.3390/app10217420Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian PopulationIlija Djekic0Jelena Petrovic1Milica Jovetic2Azra Redzepovic-Djordjevic3Milica Stulic4Jose M. Lorenzo5Marco Iammarino6Igor Tomasevic7Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaCenter for Food Analysis, Zmaja od Noćaja 11, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCenter for Food Analysis, Zmaja od Noćaja 11, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCenter for Food Analysis, Zmaja od Noćaja 11, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCenter for Food Analysis, Zmaja od Noćaja 11, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCentro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, SpainZooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Animal Origin Food Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaThe main objective of this study was to assess the exposure associated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) of the adult population in Serbia from consumption of milk and dairy products. This assessment was performed using concentration values of AFM1 in raw milk (385 samples) and dairy products (556 samples) based on the analyses conducted in the period between 2015 and 2018. In parallel, a dairy products consumption survey was completed during 2018 based on ‘one-day’ and ‘seven-day’ recall methods. In order to estimate the intake of AFM1 from the consumption of dairy products for both recall methods, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted. The study revealed that pasteurized milk and yogurt are dairy products mostly consumed by the Serbian adult population. Estimated daily intake of AFM1 was in the range of 62–74 × 10<sup>−3</sup> ng/kg bw/day, depending on the recall methods and scenarios employed. Although the results show moderate exposure risks compared to similar studies worldwide, climatic conditions and weather extremes that have occurred recently may have negatively influenced the contamination of feed and, consequently, AFM1 contamination of milk. As a result, it is justifiable to promote continuous monitoring in feed and dairy supply chains in Serbia and provide an update of exposure assessment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/21/7420feed for dairy animalsaflatoxin B1raw milkdairy productsaflatoxin M1exposure assessment |
| spellingShingle | Ilija Djekic Jelena Petrovic Milica Jovetic Azra Redzepovic-Djordjevic Milica Stulic Jose M. Lorenzo Marco Iammarino Igor Tomasevic Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population Applied Sciences feed for dairy animals aflatoxin B1 raw milk dairy products aflatoxin M1 exposure assessment |
| title | Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population |
| title_full | Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population |
| title_fullStr | Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population |
| title_short | Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population |
| title_sort | aflatoxins in milk and dairy products occurrence and exposure assessment for the serbian population |
| topic | feed for dairy animals aflatoxin B1 raw milk dairy products aflatoxin M1 exposure assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/21/7420 |
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