Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults
Objectives: Elderly are an understudied, high-risk group vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We comprehensively analyzed the durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly and younger adults. Methods: Home-dwelling old (n = 100, median 8...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccine: X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000037 |
| _version_ | 1797853841100636160 |
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| author | Lena Hansen Karl Albert Brokstad Amit Bansal Fan Zhou Geir Bredholt Therese Bredholt Onyango Helene Heitmann Sandnes Rebecca Elyanow Anders Madsen Mai-Chi Trieu Marianne Sævik Hanne Søyland Jan Stefan Olofsson Juha Vahokoski Nina Urke Ertesvåg Elisabeth Berg Fjelltveit Shahin Shafiani Camilla Tøndel Heidi Chapman Ian Kaplan Kristin G.I. Mohn Nina Langeland Rebecca Jane Cox |
| author_facet | Lena Hansen Karl Albert Brokstad Amit Bansal Fan Zhou Geir Bredholt Therese Bredholt Onyango Helene Heitmann Sandnes Rebecca Elyanow Anders Madsen Mai-Chi Trieu Marianne Sævik Hanne Søyland Jan Stefan Olofsson Juha Vahokoski Nina Urke Ertesvåg Elisabeth Berg Fjelltveit Shahin Shafiani Camilla Tøndel Heidi Chapman Ian Kaplan Kristin G.I. Mohn Nina Langeland Rebecca Jane Cox |
| author_sort | Lena Hansen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Elderly are an understudied, high-risk group vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We comprehensively analyzed the durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly and younger adults. Methods: Home-dwelling old (n = 100, median 86 years) and younger adults (n = 449, median 38 years) were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine at 3-week intervals and followed for 9-months. Vaccine-induced responses were compared to home-isolated COVID-19 patients (n = 183, median 47 years). Our analysis included neutralizing antibodies, spike-specific IgG, memory B-cells, IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting T-cells and sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Results: Spike-specific breadth and depth of the CD4+ and CD8+ TCR repertoires were significantly lower in the elderly after one and two vaccinations. Both vaccinations boosted IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting spike-specific T-cells responses, with 96 % of the elderly and 100 % of the younger adults responding after the second dose, although responses were not maintained at 9-months. In contrast, T-cell responses persisted up to 12-months in infected patients. Spike-specific memory B-cells were induced after the first dose in 87 % of the younger adults compared to 38 % of the elderly, which increased to 83 % after the second dose. Memory B-cells were maintained at 9-months post-vaccination in both vaccination groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were estimated to last for 1-year in younger adults but only 6-months in the older vaccinees. Interestingly, infected older patients (n = 15, median 75 years) had more durable neutralizing titers estimated to last 14-months, 8-months longer than the older vaccinees. Conclusions: Vaccine-induced spike-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were consistently lower in the older than younger vaccinees. Overall, our data provide valuable insights into the kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune response in the elderly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection, highlighting the need for two doses, which can guide future vaccine design.Clinical trials.gov; NCT04706390. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:57:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36129d181a5943caba4c6f85a8b21a65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1362 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:57:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccine: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-36129d181a5943caba4c6f85a8b21a652023-04-03T05:23:29ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622023-04-0113100262Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adultsLena Hansen0Karl Albert Brokstad1Amit Bansal2Fan Zhou3Geir Bredholt4Therese Bredholt Onyango5Helene Heitmann Sandnes6Rebecca Elyanow7Anders Madsen8Mai-Chi Trieu9Marianne Sævik10Hanne Søyland11Jan Stefan Olofsson12Juha Vahokoski13Nina Urke Ertesvåg14Elisabeth Berg Fjelltveit15Shahin Shafiani16Camilla Tøndel17Heidi Chapman18Ian Kaplan19Kristin G.I. Mohn20Nina Langeland21Rebecca Jane Cox22Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Corresponding authors at: Jonas Lies Vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Safety, Chemistry and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USAInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USAAdaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USAInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Corresponding authors at: Jonas Lies Vei 87, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.Objectives: Elderly are an understudied, high-risk group vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We comprehensively analyzed the durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly and younger adults. Methods: Home-dwelling old (n = 100, median 86 years) and younger adults (n = 449, median 38 years) were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine at 3-week intervals and followed for 9-months. Vaccine-induced responses were compared to home-isolated COVID-19 patients (n = 183, median 47 years). Our analysis included neutralizing antibodies, spike-specific IgG, memory B-cells, IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting T-cells and sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Results: Spike-specific breadth and depth of the CD4+ and CD8+ TCR repertoires were significantly lower in the elderly after one and two vaccinations. Both vaccinations boosted IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting spike-specific T-cells responses, with 96 % of the elderly and 100 % of the younger adults responding after the second dose, although responses were not maintained at 9-months. In contrast, T-cell responses persisted up to 12-months in infected patients. Spike-specific memory B-cells were induced after the first dose in 87 % of the younger adults compared to 38 % of the elderly, which increased to 83 % after the second dose. Memory B-cells were maintained at 9-months post-vaccination in both vaccination groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were estimated to last for 1-year in younger adults but only 6-months in the older vaccinees. Interestingly, infected older patients (n = 15, median 75 years) had more durable neutralizing titers estimated to last 14-months, 8-months longer than the older vaccinees. Conclusions: Vaccine-induced spike-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were consistently lower in the older than younger vaccinees. Overall, our data provide valuable insights into the kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune response in the elderly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection, highlighting the need for two doses, which can guide future vaccine design.Clinical trials.gov; NCT04706390.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000037ElderlyBNT162b2Memory B-cellT-cellSARS-CoV-2Neutralising antibody |
| spellingShingle | Lena Hansen Karl Albert Brokstad Amit Bansal Fan Zhou Geir Bredholt Therese Bredholt Onyango Helene Heitmann Sandnes Rebecca Elyanow Anders Madsen Mai-Chi Trieu Marianne Sævik Hanne Søyland Jan Stefan Olofsson Juha Vahokoski Nina Urke Ertesvåg Elisabeth Berg Fjelltveit Shahin Shafiani Camilla Tøndel Heidi Chapman Ian Kaplan Kristin G.I. Mohn Nina Langeland Rebecca Jane Cox Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults Vaccine: X Elderly BNT162b2 Memory B-cell T-cell SARS-CoV-2 Neutralising antibody |
| title | Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults |
| title_full | Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults |
| title_fullStr | Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults |
| title_short | Durable immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in home-dwelling old adults |
| title_sort | durable immune responses after bnt162b2 vaccination in home dwelling old adults |
| topic | Elderly BNT162b2 Memory B-cell T-cell SARS-CoV-2 Neutralising antibody |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136223000037 |
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