Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
The processing and extraction of critical metals from black mass is important to battery recycling. Separation and recovery of critical metals (Co, Ni, Li, and Mn) from other metal impurities must yield purified metal salts, while avoiding substantial losses of critical metals. Solvent extraction in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/549 |
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| author | Ayorinde Emmanuel Ajiboye Trevor L. Dzwiniel |
| author_facet | Ayorinde Emmanuel Ajiboye Trevor L. Dzwiniel |
| author_sort | Ayorinde Emmanuel Ajiboye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The processing and extraction of critical metals from black mass is important to battery recycling. Separation and recovery of critical metals (Co, Ni, Li, and Mn) from other metal impurities must yield purified metal salts, while avoiding substantial losses of critical metals. Solvent extraction in batch experiments were conducted using mixed metal sulphates obtained from the leach liquor obtained from spent and shredded lithium-ion batteries. Selective extraction of Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> from simulated and real leached mixed metals solution was carried out using di-2-ethylhexylphophoric acid (D2EPHA) and Cyanex-272 at varying pH. Further experiments with the preferred extractant (D2EPHA) were performed under different conditions: changing the concentration of extractant, organic to aqueous ratio, and varying the diluents. At optimum conditions (40% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> D2EPHA in kerosene, pH 2.5, O:A = 1:1, 25 °C, and 20 min), 85% Mn<sup>2+</sup>, 98% Al<sup>3+</sup>, 100% Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and 43% Cu<sup>2+</sup> were extracted with losses of only trace amounts (<5.0%) of Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Li<sup>+</sup>. The order of extraction efficiency for the diluents was found to be kerosene > Exxal-10 >>> dichloromethane (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>) > toluene. Four stages of stripping of metals loaded on D2EPHA were performed as co-extracted metal impurities were selectively stripped, and a purified MnSO<sub>4</sub> solution was produced. Spent extractant was regenerated after Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup> were completely stripped using 1.0 M oxalic acid (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:01:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:01:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-361706d5e11c4cbdb72a65f5151bd87d2023-11-24T14:29:10ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-11-0191154910.3390/batteries9110549Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion BatteriesAyorinde Emmanuel Ajiboye0Trevor L. Dzwiniel1Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Chicago, IL 60439, USAApplied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Chicago, IL 60439, USAThe processing and extraction of critical metals from black mass is important to battery recycling. Separation and recovery of critical metals (Co, Ni, Li, and Mn) from other metal impurities must yield purified metal salts, while avoiding substantial losses of critical metals. Solvent extraction in batch experiments were conducted using mixed metal sulphates obtained from the leach liquor obtained from spent and shredded lithium-ion batteries. Selective extraction of Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> from simulated and real leached mixed metals solution was carried out using di-2-ethylhexylphophoric acid (D2EPHA) and Cyanex-272 at varying pH. Further experiments with the preferred extractant (D2EPHA) were performed under different conditions: changing the concentration of extractant, organic to aqueous ratio, and varying the diluents. At optimum conditions (40% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> D2EPHA in kerosene, pH 2.5, O:A = 1:1, 25 °C, and 20 min), 85% Mn<sup>2+</sup>, 98% Al<sup>3+</sup>, 100% Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and 43% Cu<sup>2+</sup> were extracted with losses of only trace amounts (<5.0%) of Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Li<sup>+</sup>. The order of extraction efficiency for the diluents was found to be kerosene > Exxal-10 >>> dichloromethane (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>) > toluene. Four stages of stripping of metals loaded on D2EPHA were performed as co-extracted metal impurities were selectively stripped, and a purified MnSO<sub>4</sub> solution was produced. Spent extractant was regenerated after Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup> were completely stripped using 1.0 M oxalic acid (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>).https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/549black masscritical metalsextractantsdiluentsseparationstripping |
| spellingShingle | Ayorinde Emmanuel Ajiboye Trevor L. Dzwiniel Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Batteries black mass critical metals extractants diluents separation stripping |
| title | Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Sequential Recovery of Critical Metals from Leached Liquor of Processed Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | sequential recovery of critical metals from leached liquor of processed spent lithium ion batteries |
| topic | black mass critical metals extractants diluents separation stripping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/549 |
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