Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
The present study investigated the dynamic changes in vitamin E and gene expression within its biosynthetic pathway during three germination periods of four brown rice cultivars with different seed coat colors. The results reveal that the vitamin E content increased during the germination process of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/20/3200 |
| _version_ | 1797441137945870336 |
|---|---|
| author | Leilei Kong Yingxin Lin Jiayan Liang Xiaodan Hu Umair Ashraf Xinbo Guo Song Bai |
| author_facet | Leilei Kong Yingxin Lin Jiayan Liang Xiaodan Hu Umair Ashraf Xinbo Guo Song Bai |
| author_sort | Leilei Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the dynamic changes in vitamin E and gene expression within its biosynthetic pathway during three germination periods of four brown rice cultivars with different seed coat colors. The results reveal that the vitamin E content increased during the germination process of all brown rice cultivars. Moreover, the content of α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and β-tocopherol significantly increased at the later stage of germination. The expression levels of <i>DXS1</i> and <i>γ-TMT</i> genes in all cultivars were significantly increased, whilst the <i>HGGT</i> gene expression levels of G6 and XY cultivars increased significantly at the later stage of brown rice germination. In addition, the expression levels of <i>MPBQ/MT2</i> in G1 and G6 cultivars, and <i>TC</i> expression levels in G2 and G6 cultivars were substantially increased at the later stage of germination. Overall, the up-regulation of <i>MPBQ/MT2</i>, <i>γ-TMT,</i> and <i>TC</i> genes doubled the content of α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and β-tocopherol, and the total vitamin E content of brown rice was at its highest at 96HAT. The utilization of the germination period can effectively improve the nutritional value of brown rice, which can be used for the development and utilization of brown rice for healthy rice products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:18:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3622bbc9487842968695666ecd6ca0bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:18:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-3622bbc9487842968695666ecd6ca0bd2023-11-30T22:43:25ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-10-011120320010.3390/foods11203200Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)Leilei Kong0Yingxin Lin1Jiayan Liang2Xiaodan Hu3Umair Ashraf4Xinbo Guo5Song Bai6Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaRice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaRice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaDepartment of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, PakistanSchool of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaRice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaThe present study investigated the dynamic changes in vitamin E and gene expression within its biosynthetic pathway during three germination periods of four brown rice cultivars with different seed coat colors. The results reveal that the vitamin E content increased during the germination process of all brown rice cultivars. Moreover, the content of α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and β-tocopherol significantly increased at the later stage of germination. The expression levels of <i>DXS1</i> and <i>γ-TMT</i> genes in all cultivars were significantly increased, whilst the <i>HGGT</i> gene expression levels of G6 and XY cultivars increased significantly at the later stage of brown rice germination. In addition, the expression levels of <i>MPBQ/MT2</i> in G1 and G6 cultivars, and <i>TC</i> expression levels in G2 and G6 cultivars were substantially increased at the later stage of germination. Overall, the up-regulation of <i>MPBQ/MT2</i>, <i>γ-TMT,</i> and <i>TC</i> genes doubled the content of α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and β-tocopherol, and the total vitamin E content of brown rice was at its highest at 96HAT. The utilization of the germination period can effectively improve the nutritional value of brown rice, which can be used for the development and utilization of brown rice for healthy rice products.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/20/3200brown ricegerminationvitamin Ebiosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Leilei Kong Yingxin Lin Jiayan Liang Xiaodan Hu Umair Ashraf Xinbo Guo Song Bai Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Foods brown rice germination vitamin E biosynthesis |
| title | Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_full | Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_short | Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) |
| title_sort | dynamic changes in vitamin e biosynthesis during germination in brown rice i oryza sativa i l |
| topic | brown rice germination vitamin E biosynthesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/20/3200 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leileikong dynamicchangesinvitaminebiosynthesisduringgerminationinbrownriceioryzasativail AT yingxinlin dynamicchangesinvitaminebiosynthesisduringgerminationinbrownriceioryzasativail AT jiayanliang dynamicchangesinvitaminebiosynthesisduringgerminationinbrownriceioryzasativail AT xiaodanhu dynamicchangesinvitaminebiosynthesisduringgerminationinbrownriceioryzasativail AT umairashraf dynamicchangesinvitaminebiosynthesisduringgerminationinbrownriceioryzasativail AT xinboguo dynamicchangesinvitaminebiosynthesisduringgerminationinbrownriceioryzasativail AT songbai dynamicchangesinvitaminebiosynthesisduringgerminationinbrownriceioryzasativail |