A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges
Carnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) use small invertebrates as their main source of nutrients. We discovered a novel iridovirus (carnivorous sponge-associated iridovirus, CaSpA-IV) in <i>Chondrocladia grandis</i> and <i>Cladorhiza oxeata</i> specimens collected in the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1595 |
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| author | Marta Canuti Gabrielle Large Joost T. P. Verhoeven Suzanne C. Dufour |
| author_facet | Marta Canuti Gabrielle Large Joost T. P. Verhoeven Suzanne C. Dufour |
| author_sort | Marta Canuti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) use small invertebrates as their main source of nutrients. We discovered a novel iridovirus (carnivorous sponge-associated iridovirus, CaSpA-IV) in <i>Chondrocladia grandis</i> and <i>Cladorhiza oxeata</i> specimens collected in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans at depths of 537–852 m. The sequenced viral genome (~190,000 bp) comprised 185 predicted ORFs, including those encoding 26 iridoviral core proteins, and phylogenetic analyses showed that CaSpA-IV is a close relative to members of the genus <i>Decapodiridovirus</i> and highly identical to a partially sequenced virus pathogenic to decapod shrimps. CaSpA-IV was found in various anatomical regions of six <i>C. grandis</i> (sphere, stem, root) from the Gulf of Maine and Baffin Bay and of two <i>C. oxeata</i> (sphere, secondary axis) from Baffin Bay. Partial MCP sequencing revealed a divergent virus (CaSpA-IV-2) in one <i>C. oxeata</i>. The analysis of a 10 nt long tandem repeat showed a number of repeats consistent across sub-sections of the same sponges but different between animals, suggesting the presence of different strains. As the genetic material of crustaceans, particularly from the zooplanktonic copepod order Calanoida, was identified in the investigated samples, further studies are required to elucidate whether CaSpA-IV infects the carnivorous sponges, their crustacean prey, or both. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:43:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36235da3d0a648f68568820923df4b2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:43:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-36235da3d0a648f68568820923df4b2c2023-12-03T14:37:12ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-07-01148159510.3390/v14081595A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous SpongesMarta Canuti0Gabrielle Large1Joost T. P. Verhoeven2Suzanne C. Dufour3Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, CanadaCarnivorous sponges (family Cladorhizidae) use small invertebrates as their main source of nutrients. We discovered a novel iridovirus (carnivorous sponge-associated iridovirus, CaSpA-IV) in <i>Chondrocladia grandis</i> and <i>Cladorhiza oxeata</i> specimens collected in the Arctic and Atlantic oceans at depths of 537–852 m. The sequenced viral genome (~190,000 bp) comprised 185 predicted ORFs, including those encoding 26 iridoviral core proteins, and phylogenetic analyses showed that CaSpA-IV is a close relative to members of the genus <i>Decapodiridovirus</i> and highly identical to a partially sequenced virus pathogenic to decapod shrimps. CaSpA-IV was found in various anatomical regions of six <i>C. grandis</i> (sphere, stem, root) from the Gulf of Maine and Baffin Bay and of two <i>C. oxeata</i> (sphere, secondary axis) from Baffin Bay. Partial MCP sequencing revealed a divergent virus (CaSpA-IV-2) in one <i>C. oxeata</i>. The analysis of a 10 nt long tandem repeat showed a number of repeats consistent across sub-sections of the same sponges but different between animals, suggesting the presence of different strains. As the genetic material of crustaceans, particularly from the zooplanktonic copepod order Calanoida, was identified in the investigated samples, further studies are required to elucidate whether CaSpA-IV infects the carnivorous sponges, their crustacean prey, or both.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1595iridoviruscarnivorous spongesChondrocladiaCladorhizidaevirus discovery |
| spellingShingle | Marta Canuti Gabrielle Large Joost T. P. Verhoeven Suzanne C. Dufour A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges Viruses iridovirus carnivorous sponges Chondrocladia Cladorhizidae virus discovery |
| title | A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
| title_full | A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
| title_short | A Novel Iridovirus Discovered in Deep-Sea Carnivorous Sponges |
| title_sort | novel iridovirus discovered in deep sea carnivorous sponges |
| topic | iridovirus carnivorous sponges Chondrocladia Cladorhizidae virus discovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1595 |
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