Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MS
UV filters (UVFs) are widely used in personal care and in industrial products for protection against photodegradation. In recent years, their potential toxicological and environmental effects have received growing attention. Due to their excessive use, their residue levels in the environment are gra...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Methods and Protocols |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/5/6/92 |
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| author | Cemile Yücel Ilgi Karapinar Serenay Ceren Tüzün Hasan Ertaş Fatma Nil Ertaş |
| author_facet | Cemile Yücel Ilgi Karapinar Serenay Ceren Tüzün Hasan Ertaş Fatma Nil Ertaş |
| author_sort | Cemile Yücel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | UV filters (UVFs) are widely used in personal care and in industrial products for protection against photodegradation. In recent years, their potential toxicological and environmental effects have received growing attention. Due to their excessive use, their residue levels in the environment are gradually increasing and they tend to accumulate on biological wastewater treatment sludge. The utilization of sludge as fertilizer could be one of the main routes of UVF contamination in the environment. Therefore, the development of a reliable and sensitive method of analyzing their trace level residues in waste sludge samples is of great importance. The success of the method largely depends on the sample preparation technique in such complex matrices. This study presents a rapid, sensitive and green analysis method for eight UVFs in sludge samples, selected for their rather low no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC). For this purpose, the QuEChERS methodology was coupled with in-port derivatization for subsequent detection of the targeted UVFs via GC–MS/MS. The analysis time was substantially shortened using this method, and reagent utilization was also reduced. The method was validated in the sludge samples, and high recovery (66–123%) and low RSD values (<25.6%) were obtained. In addition, major contributing uncertainty sources and expanded uncertainties were determined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:01:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-362c2dbcdaea451cb239409d7b8d97ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2409-9279 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:01:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Methods and Protocols |
| spelling | doaj.art-362c2dbcdaea451cb239409d7b8d97ea2023-11-24T17:02:24ZengMDPI AGMethods and Protocols2409-92792022-11-01569210.3390/mps5060092Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MSCemile Yücel0Ilgi Karapinar1Serenay Ceren Tüzün2Hasan Ertaş3Fatma Nil Ertaş4Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylül University, Tınaztepe Campus, Buca, İzmir 35390, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylül University, Tınaztepe Campus, Buca, İzmir 35390, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylül University, Tınaztepe Campus, Buca, İzmir 35390, TurkeyFaculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir 35040, TurkeyFaculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir 35040, TurkeyUV filters (UVFs) are widely used in personal care and in industrial products for protection against photodegradation. In recent years, their potential toxicological and environmental effects have received growing attention. Due to their excessive use, their residue levels in the environment are gradually increasing and they tend to accumulate on biological wastewater treatment sludge. The utilization of sludge as fertilizer could be one of the main routes of UVF contamination in the environment. Therefore, the development of a reliable and sensitive method of analyzing their trace level residues in waste sludge samples is of great importance. The success of the method largely depends on the sample preparation technique in such complex matrices. This study presents a rapid, sensitive and green analysis method for eight UVFs in sludge samples, selected for their rather low no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC). For this purpose, the QuEChERS methodology was coupled with in-port derivatization for subsequent detection of the targeted UVFs via GC–MS/MS. The analysis time was substantially shortened using this method, and reagent utilization was also reduced. The method was validated in the sludge samples, and high recovery (66–123%) and low RSD values (<25.6%) were obtained. In addition, major contributing uncertainty sources and expanded uncertainties were determined.https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/5/6/92UVFsQuEChERSin-port derivatizationwaste sludge |
| spellingShingle | Cemile Yücel Ilgi Karapinar Serenay Ceren Tüzün Hasan Ertaş Fatma Nil Ertaş Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MS Methods and Protocols UVFs QuEChERS in-port derivatization waste sludge |
| title | Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MS |
| title_full | Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MS |
| title_fullStr | Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MS |
| title_short | Determination of UV Filters in Waste Sludge Using QuEChERS Method Followed by In-Port Derivatization Coupled with GC–MS/MS |
| title_sort | determination of uv filters in waste sludge using quechers method followed by in port derivatization coupled with gc ms ms |
| topic | UVFs QuEChERS in-port derivatization waste sludge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9279/5/6/92 |
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