Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia
A cross-sectional study was used to identify and assess prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other enterobacteria isolated from healthy wildlife and livestock cohabiting at a 10,000 acres game ranch near Lusaka, Zambia. Purposiv...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/238 |
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| author | Emmanuel Kabali Girja Shanker Pandey Musso Munyeme Penjaninge Kapila Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa Joseph Ndebe John Bwalya Muma Charles Mubita Walter Muleya Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga Shuya Mitoma Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe Anuwat Wiratsudakul Mai Thi Ngan Eslam Elhanafy Hala El Daous Nguyen Thi Huyen Wataru Yamazaki Tamaki Okabayashi Maiku Abe Junzo Norimine Satoshi Sekiguchi |
| author_facet | Emmanuel Kabali Girja Shanker Pandey Musso Munyeme Penjaninge Kapila Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa Joseph Ndebe John Bwalya Muma Charles Mubita Walter Muleya Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga Shuya Mitoma Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe Anuwat Wiratsudakul Mai Thi Ngan Eslam Elhanafy Hala El Daous Nguyen Thi Huyen Wataru Yamazaki Tamaki Okabayashi Maiku Abe Junzo Norimine Satoshi Sekiguchi |
| author_sort | Emmanuel Kabali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A cross-sectional study was used to identify and assess prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other enterobacteria isolated from healthy wildlife and livestock cohabiting at a 10,000 acres game ranch near Lusaka, Zambia. Purposive sampling was used to select wildlife and livestock based on similarities in behavior, grazing habits and close interactions with humans. Isolates (<i>n</i> = 66) from fecal samples collected between April and August 2018 (<i>n</i> = 84) were examined following modified protocols for bacteria isolation, biochemical identification, molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using R software, Genetyx ver.12 and Mega 6. Using Applied Profile Index 20E kit for biochemical identification, polymerase chain reaction assay and sequencing, sixty-six isolates were identified to species level, of which <i>Escherichia coli</i> (72.7%, 48/66), <i>E. fergusonii</i> (1.5%, 1/66), <i>Shigella sonnei</i> (22.7%, 14/66), <i>Sh. flexinerri</i> (1.5%, 1/66) and <i>Enterobacteriaceae bacterium</i> (1.5%, 1/66), and their relationships were illustrated in a phylogenetic tree. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance or intermediate sensitivity expression to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 89.6% of the <i>E. coli</i>, and 73.3% of the <i>Shigella</i> isolates. The <i>E. coli</i> isolates exhibited the highest resistance rates to ampicillin (27%), ceftazidime (14.3%), cefotaxime (9.5%), and kanamycin (9.5%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 18.8% of <i>E. coli</i> isolates while only 13.3% <i>Shigella</i> isolates showed MDR. The MDR was detected among isolates from impala and ostrich (wild animals in which no antimicrobial treatment was used), and in isolates from cattle, pigs, and goats (domesticated animals). This study indicates the possible transmission of drug-resistant microorganisms between animals cohabiting at the wildlife–livestock interface. It emphasizes the need for further investigation of the role of wildlife in the development and transmission of AMR, which is an issue of global concern. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:29:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3669073848114fa79d223bab1240a5e52023-12-11T18:35:40ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-02-0110323810.3390/antibiotics10030238Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, ZambiaEmmanuel Kabali0Girja Shanker Pandey1Musso Munyeme2Penjaninge Kapila3Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa4Joseph Ndebe5John Bwalya Muma6Charles Mubita7Walter Muleya8Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga9Shuya Mitoma10Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe11Anuwat Wiratsudakul12Mai Thi Ngan13Eslam Elhanafy14Hala El Daous15Nguyen Thi Huyen16Wataru Yamazaki17Tamaki Okabayashi18Maiku Abe19Junzo Norimine20Satoshi Sekiguchi21Quality Assurance Unit, Director General’s Office, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaGraduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, JapanDepartment of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandGraduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, JapanFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia 13736, EgyptGraduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, JapanNational Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, VietnamCenter for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanEducation and Research Center for Mathematical and Data Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanA cross-sectional study was used to identify and assess prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other enterobacteria isolated from healthy wildlife and livestock cohabiting at a 10,000 acres game ranch near Lusaka, Zambia. Purposive sampling was used to select wildlife and livestock based on similarities in behavior, grazing habits and close interactions with humans. Isolates (<i>n</i> = 66) from fecal samples collected between April and August 2018 (<i>n</i> = 84) were examined following modified protocols for bacteria isolation, biochemical identification, molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using R software, Genetyx ver.12 and Mega 6. Using Applied Profile Index 20E kit for biochemical identification, polymerase chain reaction assay and sequencing, sixty-six isolates were identified to species level, of which <i>Escherichia coli</i> (72.7%, 48/66), <i>E. fergusonii</i> (1.5%, 1/66), <i>Shigella sonnei</i> (22.7%, 14/66), <i>Sh. flexinerri</i> (1.5%, 1/66) and <i>Enterobacteriaceae bacterium</i> (1.5%, 1/66), and their relationships were illustrated in a phylogenetic tree. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance or intermediate sensitivity expression to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 89.6% of the <i>E. coli</i>, and 73.3% of the <i>Shigella</i> isolates. The <i>E. coli</i> isolates exhibited the highest resistance rates to ampicillin (27%), ceftazidime (14.3%), cefotaxime (9.5%), and kanamycin (9.5%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 18.8% of <i>E. coli</i> isolates while only 13.3% <i>Shigella</i> isolates showed MDR. The MDR was detected among isolates from impala and ostrich (wild animals in which no antimicrobial treatment was used), and in isolates from cattle, pigs, and goats (domesticated animals). This study indicates the possible transmission of drug-resistant microorganisms between animals cohabiting at the wildlife–livestock interface. It emphasizes the need for further investigation of the role of wildlife in the development and transmission of AMR, which is an issue of global concern.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/238antimicrobial resistancedomestic animals<i>Escherichia coli</i>molecular detectionpublic healthwildlife |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel Kabali Girja Shanker Pandey Musso Munyeme Penjaninge Kapila Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa Joseph Ndebe John Bwalya Muma Charles Mubita Walter Muleya Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga Shuya Mitoma Bernard Mudenda Hang’ombe Anuwat Wiratsudakul Mai Thi Ngan Eslam Elhanafy Hala El Daous Nguyen Thi Huyen Wataru Yamazaki Tamaki Okabayashi Maiku Abe Junzo Norimine Satoshi Sekiguchi Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia Antibiotics antimicrobial resistance domestic animals <i>Escherichia coli</i> molecular detection public health wildlife |
| title | Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia |
| title_full | Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia |
| title_fullStr | Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia |
| title_short | Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia |
| title_sort | identification of i escherichia coli i and related enterobacteriaceae and examination of their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns a pilot study at a wildlife livestock interface in lusaka zambia |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance domestic animals <i>Escherichia coli</i> molecular detection public health wildlife |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/238 |
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