Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition
Considering the recent eco-friendly and efficient utilization of three kinds of solid waste, including calcium silicate slag (CSS), fly ash (FA), and blast-furnace slag (BFS), alkali-activated cementitious composite materials using these three waste products were prepared with varying content of sod...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/10/3616 |
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| author | Zhijie Yang De Zhang Chengyang Fang Yang Jiao Dong Kang Changwang Yan Ju Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhijie Yang De Zhang Chengyang Fang Yang Jiao Dong Kang Changwang Yan Ju Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhijie Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Considering the recent eco-friendly and efficient utilization of three kinds of solid waste, including calcium silicate slag (CSS), fly ash (FA), and blast-furnace slag (BFS), alkali-activated cementitious composite materials using these three waste products were prepared with varying content of sodium silicate solution. The hydration mechanisms of the cementitious materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the composite is a binary cementitious system composed of C(N)-A-S-H and C-S-H. Si and Al minerals in FA and BFS are depolymerized to form the Q<sup>0</sup> structure of SiO<sub>4</sub> and AlO<sub>4</sub>. Meanwhile, β-dicalcium silicate in CSS hydrates to form C-S-H and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Part of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> reacts with the Q<sup>0</sup> structure of AlO<sub>4</sub> and SiO<sub>4</sub> to produce lawsonite and wairakite with a low polymerization degree of the Si-O and Al-O bonds. With the participation of Na<sup>+</sup>, part of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> reacts with the Q<sup>0</sup> structure of AlO<sub>4</sub> and the Q<sup>3</sup> structure of SiO<sub>4</sub>, which comes from the sodium silicate solution. When the sodium silicate content is 9.2%, the macro properties of the composites effectively reach saturation. The compressive strength for composites with 9.2% sodium silicate was 23.7 and 35.9 MPa after curing for 7 and 28 days, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:29:43Z |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:29:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-3670da4e1ca3426da21b2a8dfd5c5ee92023-11-23T11:58:04ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-05-011510361610.3390/ma15103616Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste CompositionZhijie Yang0De Zhang1Chengyang Fang2Yang Jiao3Dong Kang4Changwang Yan5Ju Zhang6School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, ChinaSchool of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, ChinaSchool of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, ChinaSchool of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, ChinaSchool of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, ChinaSchool of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, ChinaSchool of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, ChinaConsidering the recent eco-friendly and efficient utilization of three kinds of solid waste, including calcium silicate slag (CSS), fly ash (FA), and blast-furnace slag (BFS), alkali-activated cementitious composite materials using these three waste products were prepared with varying content of sodium silicate solution. The hydration mechanisms of the cementitious materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the composite is a binary cementitious system composed of C(N)-A-S-H and C-S-H. Si and Al minerals in FA and BFS are depolymerized to form the Q<sup>0</sup> structure of SiO<sub>4</sub> and AlO<sub>4</sub>. Meanwhile, β-dicalcium silicate in CSS hydrates to form C-S-H and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Part of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> reacts with the Q<sup>0</sup> structure of AlO<sub>4</sub> and SiO<sub>4</sub> to produce lawsonite and wairakite with a low polymerization degree of the Si-O and Al-O bonds. With the participation of Na<sup>+</sup>, part of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> reacts with the Q<sup>0</sup> structure of AlO<sub>4</sub> and the Q<sup>3</sup> structure of SiO<sub>4</sub>, which comes from the sodium silicate solution. When the sodium silicate content is 9.2%, the macro properties of the composites effectively reach saturation. The compressive strength for composites with 9.2% sodium silicate was 23.7 and 35.9 MPa after curing for 7 and 28 days, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/10/3616CSSFABFSsodium silicatealkali-activatedhydration mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Zhijie Yang De Zhang Chengyang Fang Yang Jiao Dong Kang Changwang Yan Ju Zhang Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition Materials CSS FA BFS sodium silicate alkali-activated hydration mechanism |
| title | Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition |
| title_full | Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition |
| title_fullStr | Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition |
| title_short | Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition |
| title_sort | hydration mechanisms of alkali activated cementitious materials with ternary solid waste composition |
| topic | CSS FA BFS sodium silicate alkali-activated hydration mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/10/3616 |
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