Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves
Soybean is one of the most crucial beans in the world. Although Mn (manganese) is a kind of important nutritive element helpful to plant growth and health, excess Mn is harmful to crops. Nevertheless, the effect of Mn toxicity on soybean roots and leaves metabolism is still not clear. To explore thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/20/3615 |
| _version_ | 1797572448968769536 |
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| author | Yanyan Wang Jianyu Li Yuhu Pan Jingye Chen Ying Liu |
| author_facet | Yanyan Wang Jianyu Li Yuhu Pan Jingye Chen Ying Liu |
| author_sort | Yanyan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean is one of the most crucial beans in the world. Although Mn (manganese) is a kind of important nutritive element helpful to plant growth and health, excess Mn is harmful to crops. Nevertheless, the effect of Mn toxicity on soybean roots and leaves metabolism is still not clear. To explore this, water culture experiments were conducted on the development, activity of enzyme, and metabolic process of soybeans under varying levels of Mn treatment (5 and 100 μM). Compared with the control, the soybeans under Mn stress showed inhibited growth and development. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and the soluble protein content in leaves and roots of soybean were all increased. However, soluble sugar and proline contents in soybean roots and leaves showed the opposite trend. In addition, the Mg (magnesium) and Fe (iron) ion contents in soybean leaves significantly decreased, and the Mn ion content greatly increased. In roots, the Mn and Fe ion content increased, whereas the Mg ion content decreased. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis based on nontargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry identified 136 and 164 differential metabolites (DMs) that responded to Mn toxicity in roots and leaves of soybean, respectively. These DMs might participate in five different primary metabolic pathways in soybean leaves and roots, suggesting that soybean leaves and roots demonstrate different kinds of reactions in response to Mn toxicity. These findings indicate that Mn toxicity will result in enzymes activity being changed and the metabolic pathway being seriously affected, hence inhibiting the development of soybean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:56:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36844f73cc7f46aba2e0540e62fc6739 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:56:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-36844f73cc7f46aba2e0540e62fc67392023-11-19T17:49:32ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-10-011220361510.3390/plants12203615Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and LeavesYanyan Wang0Jianyu Li1Yuhu Pan2Jingye Chen3Ying Liu4Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaSoybean is one of the most crucial beans in the world. Although Mn (manganese) is a kind of important nutritive element helpful to plant growth and health, excess Mn is harmful to crops. Nevertheless, the effect of Mn toxicity on soybean roots and leaves metabolism is still not clear. To explore this, water culture experiments were conducted on the development, activity of enzyme, and metabolic process of soybeans under varying levels of Mn treatment (5 and 100 μM). Compared with the control, the soybeans under Mn stress showed inhibited growth and development. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and the soluble protein content in leaves and roots of soybean were all increased. However, soluble sugar and proline contents in soybean roots and leaves showed the opposite trend. In addition, the Mg (magnesium) and Fe (iron) ion contents in soybean leaves significantly decreased, and the Mn ion content greatly increased. In roots, the Mn and Fe ion content increased, whereas the Mg ion content decreased. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis based on nontargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry identified 136 and 164 differential metabolites (DMs) that responded to Mn toxicity in roots and leaves of soybean, respectively. These DMs might participate in five different primary metabolic pathways in soybean leaves and roots, suggesting that soybean leaves and roots demonstrate different kinds of reactions in response to Mn toxicity. These findings indicate that Mn toxicity will result in enzymes activity being changed and the metabolic pathway being seriously affected, hence inhibiting the development of soybean.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/20/3615<i>Glycine max</i>Mn toxicitymetabolomicsrootsleaves |
| spellingShingle | Yanyan Wang Jianyu Li Yuhu Pan Jingye Chen Ying Liu Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves Plants <i>Glycine max</i> Mn toxicity metabolomics roots leaves |
| title | Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves |
| title_full | Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves |
| title_short | Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves |
| title_sort | metabolic responses to manganese toxicity in soybean roots and leaves |
| topic | <i>Glycine max</i> Mn toxicity metabolomics roots leaves |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/20/3615 |
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