The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disease in females of reproductive age, affecting 4–20% of pre-menopausal women worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding, regulatory ribonucleic acid molecules found in eukaryotic cells. Abnormal...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/903 |
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| author | Jenan Sh. Nasser Noor Altahoo Sayed Almosawi Abrar Alhermi Alexandra E. Butler |
| author_facet | Jenan Sh. Nasser Noor Altahoo Sayed Almosawi Abrar Alhermi Alexandra E. Butler |
| author_sort | Jenan Sh. Nasser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disease in females of reproductive age, affecting 4–20% of pre-menopausal women worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding, regulatory ribonucleic acid molecules found in eukaryotic cells. Abnormal miRNA expression has been associated with several diseases and could possibly explain their underlying pathophysiology. MiRNAs have been extensively studied for their potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses in many diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, PCOS, and endometriosis. In women with PCOS, miRNAs were found to be abnormally expressed in theca cells, follicular fluid, granulosa cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, serum, and adipose tissue when compared to those without PCOS, making miRNAs a useful potential biomarker for the disease. Key pathways involved in PCOS, such as folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and cellular adhesion, are regulated by miRNA. This also highlights their importance as potential prognostic markers. In addition, recent evidence suggests a role for miRNAs in regulating the circadian rhythm (CR). CR is crucial for regulating reproduction through the various functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the ovaries. A disordered CR affects reproductive outcomes by inducing insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. Moreover, miRNAs were demonstrated to interact with lncRNA and circRNAs, which are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This review discusses what is currently understood about miRNAs in PCOS, the cellular pathways involved, and their potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:53:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:53:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3684ae2ea82e445badc7bc2751c0a28d2024-01-29T13:55:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-0125290310.3390/ijms25020903The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature ReviewJenan Sh. Nasser0Noor Altahoo1Sayed Almosawi2Abrar Alhermi3Alexandra E. Butler4School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainSchool of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainSchool of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainSchool of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainResearch Department, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disease in females of reproductive age, affecting 4–20% of pre-menopausal women worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding, regulatory ribonucleic acid molecules found in eukaryotic cells. Abnormal miRNA expression has been associated with several diseases and could possibly explain their underlying pathophysiology. MiRNAs have been extensively studied for their potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses in many diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, PCOS, and endometriosis. In women with PCOS, miRNAs were found to be abnormally expressed in theca cells, follicular fluid, granulosa cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, serum, and adipose tissue when compared to those without PCOS, making miRNAs a useful potential biomarker for the disease. Key pathways involved in PCOS, such as folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and cellular adhesion, are regulated by miRNA. This also highlights their importance as potential prognostic markers. In addition, recent evidence suggests a role for miRNAs in regulating the circadian rhythm (CR). CR is crucial for regulating reproduction through the various functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the ovaries. A disordered CR affects reproductive outcomes by inducing insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. Moreover, miRNAs were demonstrated to interact with lncRNA and circRNAs, which are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This review discusses what is currently understood about miRNAs in PCOS, the cellular pathways involved, and their potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/903polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)microRNA (miRNAs)infertilitycardiovascular diseaseinsulin resistancecircadian rhythm |
| spellingShingle | Jenan Sh. Nasser Noor Altahoo Sayed Almosawi Abrar Alhermi Alexandra E. Butler The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) microRNA (miRNAs) infertility cardiovascular disease insulin resistance circadian rhythm |
| title | The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review |
| title_full | The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review |
| title_short | The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review |
| title_sort | role of microrna long non coding rna and circular rna in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome a literature review |
| topic | polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) microRNA (miRNAs) infertility cardiovascular disease insulin resistance circadian rhythm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/903 |
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