Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
The development of fast and easy-to-use methods for gemcitabine detection is of great interest for pharmaceutical formulation control in both research laboratories and hospitals. In this study, we report a simple, fast and direct electrochemical method for gemcitabine detection using a boron-doped d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/912 |
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| author | Iulia Rus Alexandra Pusta Mihaela Tertiș Cristina Barbălată Ioan Tomuță Robert Săndulescu Cecilia Cristea |
| author_facet | Iulia Rus Alexandra Pusta Mihaela Tertiș Cristina Barbălată Ioan Tomuță Robert Săndulescu Cecilia Cristea |
| author_sort | Iulia Rus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of fast and easy-to-use methods for gemcitabine detection is of great interest for pharmaceutical formulation control in both research laboratories and hospitals. In this study, we report a simple, fast and direct electrochemical method for gemcitabine detection using a boron-doped diamond electrode. The electrochemical oxidation of gemcitabine on a boron-doped diamond electrode was found to be irreversible in differential pulse voltammetry, and scan rate influence studies demonstrated that the process is diffusion-controlled. The influence of the pH and supporting electrolytes were also tested, and the optimized differential pulse voltammetry method was linear in the range of 2.5–50 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.85 μg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4; 0.1 M). An amperometric method was also optimized for gemcitabine detection. The linear range of the method was 0.5–65 μg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline of pH 7.4 as well as pH 5.5, the limit of detection being 0.15 μg/mL. The optimized differential pulse voltammetry and amperometric detection strategies were successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations, and the results were compared to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry with good correlations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3688ed4444ca4bd4a609361064f6ff1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3688ed4444ca4bd4a609361064f6ff1c2023-11-22T14:45:26ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472021-09-0114991210.3390/ph14090912Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond ElectrodeIulia Rus0Alexandra Pusta1Mihaela Tertiș2Cristina Barbălată3Ioan Tomuță4Robert Săndulescu5Cecilia Cristea6Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaThe development of fast and easy-to-use methods for gemcitabine detection is of great interest for pharmaceutical formulation control in both research laboratories and hospitals. In this study, we report a simple, fast and direct electrochemical method for gemcitabine detection using a boron-doped diamond electrode. The electrochemical oxidation of gemcitabine on a boron-doped diamond electrode was found to be irreversible in differential pulse voltammetry, and scan rate influence studies demonstrated that the process is diffusion-controlled. The influence of the pH and supporting electrolytes were also tested, and the optimized differential pulse voltammetry method was linear in the range of 2.5–50 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.85 μg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4; 0.1 M). An amperometric method was also optimized for gemcitabine detection. The linear range of the method was 0.5–65 μg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline of pH 7.4 as well as pH 5.5, the limit of detection being 0.15 μg/mL. The optimized differential pulse voltammetry and amperometric detection strategies were successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations, and the results were compared to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry with good correlations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/912gemcitabineboron-doped diamond electrodedifferential pulse voltammetryamperometrypharmaceutical formulations |
| spellingShingle | Iulia Rus Alexandra Pusta Mihaela Tertiș Cristina Barbălată Ioan Tomuță Robert Săndulescu Cecilia Cristea Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Pharmaceuticals gemcitabine boron-doped diamond electrode differential pulse voltammetry amperometry pharmaceutical formulations |
| title | Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode |
| title_full | Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode |
| title_fullStr | Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode |
| title_short | Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode |
| title_sort | gemcitabine direct electrochemical detection from pharmaceutical formulations using a boron doped diamond electrode |
| topic | gemcitabine boron-doped diamond electrode differential pulse voltammetry amperometry pharmaceutical formulations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/912 |
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