Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.
Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing di...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25010700/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1819240731561164800 |
|---|---|
| author | Samar Husain Shravan Vasishth Narayanan Srinivasan |
| author_facet | Samar Husain Shravan Vasishth Narayanan Srinivasan |
| author_sort | Samar Husain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Expectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing difficulty. However, it is unclear whether and how expectations and memory interact. We first confirm a key prediction of the expectation account: a Hindi self-paced reading study shows that when an expectation for an upcoming part of speech is dashed, building a rarer structure consumes more processing time than building a less rare structure. This is a strong validation of the expectation-based account. In a second study, we show that when expectation is strong, i.e., when a particular verb is predicted, strong facilitation effects are seen when the appearance of the verb is delayed; however, when expectation is weak, i.e., when only the part of speech "verb" is predicted but a particular verb is not predicted, the facilitation disappears and a tendency towards a locality effect is seen. The interaction seen between expectation strength and distance shows that strong expectations cancel locality effects, and that weak expectations allow locality effects to emerge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T14:12:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-368d772ffbab46849700af679d9efc29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T14:12:41Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-368d772ffbab46849700af679d9efc292022-12-21T17:44:00ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0197e10098610.1371/journal.pone.0100986Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi.Samar HusainShravan VasishthNarayanan SrinivasanExpectation-driven facilitation (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and locality-driven retrieval difficulty (Gibson, 1998, 2000; Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are widely recognized to be two critical factors in incremental sentence processing; there is accumulating evidence that both can influence processing difficulty. However, it is unclear whether and how expectations and memory interact. We first confirm a key prediction of the expectation account: a Hindi self-paced reading study shows that when an expectation for an upcoming part of speech is dashed, building a rarer structure consumes more processing time than building a less rare structure. This is a strong validation of the expectation-based account. In a second study, we show that when expectation is strong, i.e., when a particular verb is predicted, strong facilitation effects are seen when the appearance of the verb is delayed; however, when expectation is weak, i.e., when only the part of speech "verb" is predicted but a particular verb is not predicted, the facilitation disappears and a tendency towards a locality effect is seen. The interaction seen between expectation strength and distance shows that strong expectations cancel locality effects, and that weak expectations allow locality effects to emerge.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25010700/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Samar Husain Shravan Vasishth Narayanan Srinivasan Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi. PLoS ONE |
| title | Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi. |
| title_full | Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi. |
| title_fullStr | Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi. |
| title_short | Strong expectations cancel locality effects: evidence from Hindi. |
| title_sort | strong expectations cancel locality effects evidence from hindi |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25010700/?tool=EBI |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT samarhusain strongexpectationscancellocalityeffectsevidencefromhindi AT shravanvasishth strongexpectationscancellocalityeffectsevidencefromhindi AT narayanansrinivasan strongexpectationscancellocalityeffectsevidencefromhindi |