Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin, the major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. It is able to activate the host defense system through interaction with Toll-like receptor 4, thus triggering pro-inflammatory mechanisms. A large amoun...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/1/79 |
| _version_ | 1797626023711342592 |
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| author | Grazia Maria Virzì Maria Mattiotti Massimo de Cal Claudio Ronco Monica Zanella Silvia De Rosa |
| author_facet | Grazia Maria Virzì Maria Mattiotti Massimo de Cal Claudio Ronco Monica Zanella Silvia De Rosa |
| author_sort | Grazia Maria Virzì |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin, the major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. It is able to activate the host defense system through interaction with Toll-like receptor 4, thus triggering pro-inflammatory mechanisms. A large amount of LPS induces inappropriate activation of the immune system, triggering an exaggerated inflammatory response and consequent extensive organ injury, providing the basis of sepsis damage. In this review, we will briefly describe endotoxin’s molecular structure and its main pathogenetic action during sepsis. In addition, we will summarize the main different available methods for endotoxin detection with a special focus on the wider spectrum offered by omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and promising applications of these in the identification of specific biomarkers for sepsis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:04:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3697bbecb77d4062ad729baf8db58b99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:04:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3697bbecb77d4062ad729baf8db58b992023-11-16T15:08:32ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-12-011317910.3390/diagnostics13010079Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics TechniquesGrazia Maria Virzì0Maria Mattiotti1Massimo de Cal2Claudio Ronco3Monica Zanella4Silvia De Rosa5Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyIRRIV—International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyLipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin, the major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. It is able to activate the host defense system through interaction with Toll-like receptor 4, thus triggering pro-inflammatory mechanisms. A large amount of LPS induces inappropriate activation of the immune system, triggering an exaggerated inflammatory response and consequent extensive organ injury, providing the basis of sepsis damage. In this review, we will briefly describe endotoxin’s molecular structure and its main pathogenetic action during sepsis. In addition, we will summarize the main different available methods for endotoxin detection with a special focus on the wider spectrum offered by omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and promising applications of these in the identification of specific biomarkers for sepsis.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/1/79endotoxinLPSsepsisomicsproteomics |
| spellingShingle | Grazia Maria Virzì Maria Mattiotti Massimo de Cal Claudio Ronco Monica Zanella Silvia De Rosa Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques Diagnostics endotoxin LPS sepsis omics proteomics |
| title | Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques |
| title_full | Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques |
| title_short | Endotoxin in Sepsis: Methods for LPS Detection and the Use of Omics Techniques |
| title_sort | endotoxin in sepsis methods for lps detection and the use of omics techniques |
| topic | endotoxin LPS sepsis omics proteomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/1/79 |
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