Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Prenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly <i>n</i>-3 and <i>n</i>-6 long-chain polyunsa...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/19 |
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| author | Daniela Álvarez Yasna Muñoz Macarena Ortiz Manuel Maliqueo Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins Rodrigo Valenzuela |
| author_facet | Daniela Álvarez Yasna Muñoz Macarena Ortiz Manuel Maliqueo Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins Rodrigo Valenzuela |
| author_sort | Daniela Álvarez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly <i>n</i>-3 and <i>n</i>-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), is crucial to ensure a normal development, because they are an integral part of cell membranes and participate in the synthesis of bioactive molecules that regulate multiple signaling pathways. On the other hand, maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain affect FA supply to the fetus and neonate, altering placental nutrient transfer, as well as the production and composition of breast milk during lactation. In this regard, maternal obesity modifies FA profile, resulting in low <i>n</i>-3 and elevated <i>n</i>-6 PUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy, as well as in breast milk during lactation. These modifications are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short and long-term consequences in different organs of the fetus and neonate, including in the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Altogether, these changes confer to the offspring a higher risk of developing obesity and its complications, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer. Considering the consequences of an abnormal FA supply to offspring induced by maternal obesity, we aimed to review the effects of obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of FA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with an emphasis on LCPUFA homeostasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:50:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3699a456dfef4e4abeacc6895c9acb74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:50:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-3699a456dfef4e4abeacc6895c9acb742023-11-21T02:10:49ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-12-011311910.3390/nu13010019Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and BreastfeedingDaniela Álvarez0Yasna Muñoz1Macarena Ortiz2Manuel Maliqueo3Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins4Rodrigo Valenzuela5Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileEndocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileEndocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileEndocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, CanadaPrenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly <i>n</i>-3 and <i>n</i>-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), is crucial to ensure a normal development, because they are an integral part of cell membranes and participate in the synthesis of bioactive molecules that regulate multiple signaling pathways. On the other hand, maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain affect FA supply to the fetus and neonate, altering placental nutrient transfer, as well as the production and composition of breast milk during lactation. In this regard, maternal obesity modifies FA profile, resulting in low <i>n</i>-3 and elevated <i>n</i>-6 PUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy, as well as in breast milk during lactation. These modifications are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short and long-term consequences in different organs of the fetus and neonate, including in the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Altogether, these changes confer to the offspring a higher risk of developing obesity and its complications, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer. Considering the consequences of an abnormal FA supply to offspring induced by maternal obesity, we aimed to review the effects of obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of FA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with an emphasis on LCPUFA homeostasis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/19fatty acidsobesitypregnancybreastfeedingfatty acid metabolismfatty acid bioavailability |
| spellingShingle | Daniela Álvarez Yasna Muñoz Macarena Ortiz Manuel Maliqueo Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins Rodrigo Valenzuela Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Nutrients fatty acids obesity pregnancy breastfeeding fatty acid metabolism fatty acid bioavailability |
| title | Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding |
| title_full | Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding |
| title_short | Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding |
| title_sort | impact of maternal obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and breastfeeding |
| topic | fatty acids obesity pregnancy breastfeeding fatty acid metabolism fatty acid bioavailability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/19 |
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