The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan Andes
Venezuela will soon become the first Andean country to lose all of its glaciers, as the “eternal snows” of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida (SNM) disappear. Although documentation of glacier retreat in Venezuela commenced over a century ago, an updated reconstruction at sufficient spatial resolution is w...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1822728 |
| _version_ | 1819178578895437824 |
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| author | Nerio Ramírez Alejandra Melfo Lynn M. Resler Luis D. Llambí |
| author_facet | Nerio Ramírez Alejandra Melfo Lynn M. Resler Luis D. Llambí |
| author_sort | Nerio Ramírez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Venezuela will soon become the first Andean country to lose all of its glaciers, as the “eternal snows” of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida (SNM) disappear. Although documentation of glacier retreat in Venezuela commenced over a century ago, an updated reconstruction at sufficient spatial resolution is warranted. Our objectives were to (a) produce detailed multitemporal maps of glacier cover in the SNM since 1952 and revise historical estimates for 1910 and (b) document changes in cover and rates of glacier retreat of the last Venezuelan glacier at Humboldt Peak. We integrated multiple information sources, including topographic/geomorphic evidence, high-resolution aerial photographs, satellite images, historical maps, panoramic photos, and field observations. We present 1:5,000 maps of glacier cover between 1952 and 2019 and revise the maps of 1910. In Venezuela, glacial area has decreased 98 percent between 1952 and 2019 (from 2.317 km2 to 0.046 km2). Glacier retreat rates increased after 1998, with a maximum of −16.9 percent year−1 between 2016 and 2019. These new maps should provide an essential tool for biophysical, ecological, and historical studies and a key reference for promoting awareness on climate change in the tropical Andes, where glaciers are intimately linked with cultural identity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:44:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-369ffb3338074552b10afb70386ed985 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1523-0430 1938-4246 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:44:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-369ffb3338074552b10afb70386ed9852022-12-21T18:11:31ZengTaylor & Francis GroupArctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research1523-04301938-42462020-01-0152156358110.1080/15230430.2020.18227281822728The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan AndesNerio Ramírez0Alejandra Melfo1Lynn M. Resler2Luis D. Llambí3Sector El AmparoUniversidad de Los AndesVirginia TechUniversidad de Los AndesVenezuela will soon become the first Andean country to lose all of its glaciers, as the “eternal snows” of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida (SNM) disappear. Although documentation of glacier retreat in Venezuela commenced over a century ago, an updated reconstruction at sufficient spatial resolution is warranted. Our objectives were to (a) produce detailed multitemporal maps of glacier cover in the SNM since 1952 and revise historical estimates for 1910 and (b) document changes in cover and rates of glacier retreat of the last Venezuelan glacier at Humboldt Peak. We integrated multiple information sources, including topographic/geomorphic evidence, high-resolution aerial photographs, satellite images, historical maps, panoramic photos, and field observations. We present 1:5,000 maps of glacier cover between 1952 and 2019 and revise the maps of 1910. In Venezuela, glacial area has decreased 98 percent between 1952 and 2019 (from 2.317 km2 to 0.046 km2). Glacier retreat rates increased after 1998, with a maximum of −16.9 percent year−1 between 2016 and 2019. These new maps should provide an essential tool for biophysical, ecological, and historical studies and a key reference for promoting awareness on climate change in the tropical Andes, where glaciers are intimately linked with cultural identity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1822728climate changegeographic information systemglacier retreathistorical evidencehigh tropical andesvenezuela |
| spellingShingle | Nerio Ramírez Alejandra Melfo Lynn M. Resler Luis D. Llambí The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan Andes Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research climate change geographic information system glacier retreat historical evidence high tropical andes venezuela |
| title | The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan Andes |
| title_full | The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan Andes |
| title_fullStr | The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan Andes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan Andes |
| title_short | The end of the eternal snows: Integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the Venezuelan Andes |
| title_sort | end of the eternal snows integrative mapping of 100 years of glacier retreat in the venezuelan andes |
| topic | climate change geographic information system glacier retreat historical evidence high tropical andes venezuela |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1822728 |
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