Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human Fibroblasts
Ginseng seeds are rich in phytosterols, ginsenosides, and fatty acids, and can therefore be used in skincare to delay the aging process. Ginseng seed embryo (GSE) and ginseng seed coat (GSC) were separated from ginseng seeds (Panax ginseng Meyer). This study evaluated the protective activity and und...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/403 |
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| author | Huijin Heo Hana Lee Jinwoo Yang Jeehye Sung Younghwa Kim Heon Sang Jeong Junsoo Lee |
| author_facet | Huijin Heo Hana Lee Jinwoo Yang Jeehye Sung Younghwa Kim Heon Sang Jeong Junsoo Lee |
| author_sort | Huijin Heo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ginseng seeds are rich in phytosterols, ginsenosides, and fatty acids, and can therefore be used in skincare to delay the aging process. Ginseng seed embryo (GSE) and ginseng seed coat (GSC) were separated from ginseng seeds (Panax ginseng Meyer). This study evaluated the protective activity and underlying mechanism of GSE and GSC on UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging using Hs68 cells. Their bioactive compounds, including phytosterols, ginsenosides, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and fatty acids were determined by HPLC and GC. The levels of reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and collagen levels were measured in human dermal fibroblast cell line, Hs68 cells. The antioxidant capacity and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were higher in GSC than those in GSE. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in both GSE and GSC. GSE and GSC treatment alleviated UVB-induced increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-3, resulting in reduced collagen degradation. Increased UVB-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) was inhibited by GSE and GSC treatment. Moreover, GSE and GSC effectively upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1 levels. It was found that ginseng seeds regulate the expression of TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/AP-1 pathways. Ginseng seeds contain various bioactive compounds and have protective activity against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Therefore, ginseng seeds have the potential for use in cosmeceutical preparations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:00:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36a8172300f24490bcc35faa0a2db082 |
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| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:00:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-36a8172300f24490bcc35faa0a2db0822023-12-03T12:59:39ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-03-0110340310.3390/antiox10030403Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human FibroblastsHuijin Heo0Hana Lee1Jinwoo Yang2Jeehye Sung3Younghwa Kim4Heon Sang Jeong5Junsoo Lee6Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, KoreaWheat Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Adminstration, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55365, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongbuk 36729, KoreaSchool of Food Biotechnology and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, KoreaGinseng seeds are rich in phytosterols, ginsenosides, and fatty acids, and can therefore be used in skincare to delay the aging process. Ginseng seed embryo (GSE) and ginseng seed coat (GSC) were separated from ginseng seeds (Panax ginseng Meyer). This study evaluated the protective activity and underlying mechanism of GSE and GSC on UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging using Hs68 cells. Their bioactive compounds, including phytosterols, ginsenosides, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and fatty acids were determined by HPLC and GC. The levels of reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and collagen levels were measured in human dermal fibroblast cell line, Hs68 cells. The antioxidant capacity and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were higher in GSC than those in GSE. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in both GSE and GSC. GSE and GSC treatment alleviated UVB-induced increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-3, resulting in reduced collagen degradation. Increased UVB-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) was inhibited by GSE and GSC treatment. Moreover, GSE and GSC effectively upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1 levels. It was found that ginseng seeds regulate the expression of TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/AP-1 pathways. Ginseng seeds contain various bioactive compounds and have protective activity against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Therefore, ginseng seeds have the potential for use in cosmeceutical preparations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/403ginseng seedshuman skin fibroblastMAPKphotoagingUVB |
| spellingShingle | Huijin Heo Hana Lee Jinwoo Yang Jeehye Sung Younghwa Kim Heon Sang Jeong Junsoo Lee Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human Fibroblasts Antioxidants ginseng seeds human skin fibroblast MAPK photoaging UVB |
| title | Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human Fibroblasts |
| title_full | Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human Fibroblasts |
| title_fullStr | Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human Fibroblasts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human Fibroblasts |
| title_short | Protective Activity and Underlying Mechanism of Ginseng Seeds against UVB-Induced Damage in Human Fibroblasts |
| title_sort | protective activity and underlying mechanism of ginseng seeds against uvb induced damage in human fibroblasts |
| topic | ginseng seeds human skin fibroblast MAPK photoaging UVB |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/403 |
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