Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of China
Monitoring the long-term human expansions in coastal zones and evaluating their associated environmental impacts are critical to promoting a sustainable transformation of a society. This paper evaluated the long-term human expansion of reclamation, aquaculture ponds (saltern) and artificial surface...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1033466/full |
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| author | Yafei Wang Yafei Wang Jinfeng Liao Jinfeng Liao Yuxuan Ye Yuxuan Ye Yuxuan Ye Jie Fan Jie Fan |
| author_facet | Yafei Wang Yafei Wang Jinfeng Liao Jinfeng Liao Yuxuan Ye Yuxuan Ye Yuxuan Ye Jie Fan Jie Fan |
| author_sort | Yafei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monitoring the long-term human expansions in coastal zones and evaluating their associated environmental impacts are critical to promoting a sustainable transformation of a society. This paper evaluated the long-term human expansion of reclamation, aquaculture ponds (saltern) and artificial surface in the Circum-Bohai Coastal Zone (CBCZ) of China based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and time-series land use (LU) function classification, and analyzed the impact of human expansion on the sustainability of coastal environment. Results show: (i) human activities in this coastal zone have expanded dramatically during the past 30 years, including an increase of 1555.50 km2 (+76.9%) for the reclamation area, 2065.53 km2 (+51.33%) for the aquaculture pond area, and 14329.99 km2 (+308%) for the artificial surface area; (ii) there are substantial spatial and temporal variations in human expansion in this coastal zone, mainly for Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay, and Liaoning Bay, with the most intense expansion in the period 2003-2013, (iii) the spatial and temporal evolution of human activity expansion is strongly related to changes of water environmental quality and wetland loss, with the coupling degree of 70.73% and 79.41%, respectively. The expansion of human activity has led to a considerable loss of wetland number (from 2666.54 km2 to 1698.27 km2), indirectly affecting changes in offshore water quality. We found that human expansion is mostly driven by economic interests such as port construction, industrial parks, resource development, and tourism development, as well as a direct response to coastal zone development and protection policies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:18:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36ad34b235fa4dfa8afbab8c378ca578 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:18:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-36ad34b235fa4dfa8afbab8c378ca5782022-12-22T04:35:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-11-01910.3389/fmars.2022.10334661033466Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of ChinaYafei Wang0Yafei Wang1Jinfeng Liao2Jinfeng Liao3Yuxuan Ye4Yuxuan Ye5Yuxuan Ye6Jie Fan7Jie Fan8Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCountry College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCountry College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCountry College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCountry College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaMonitoring the long-term human expansions in coastal zones and evaluating their associated environmental impacts are critical to promoting a sustainable transformation of a society. This paper evaluated the long-term human expansion of reclamation, aquaculture ponds (saltern) and artificial surface in the Circum-Bohai Coastal Zone (CBCZ) of China based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and time-series land use (LU) function classification, and analyzed the impact of human expansion on the sustainability of coastal environment. Results show: (i) human activities in this coastal zone have expanded dramatically during the past 30 years, including an increase of 1555.50 km2 (+76.9%) for the reclamation area, 2065.53 km2 (+51.33%) for the aquaculture pond area, and 14329.99 km2 (+308%) for the artificial surface area; (ii) there are substantial spatial and temporal variations in human expansion in this coastal zone, mainly for Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay, and Liaoning Bay, with the most intense expansion in the period 2003-2013, (iii) the spatial and temporal evolution of human activity expansion is strongly related to changes of water environmental quality and wetland loss, with the coupling degree of 70.73% and 79.41%, respectively. The expansion of human activity has led to a considerable loss of wetland number (from 2666.54 km2 to 1698.27 km2), indirectly affecting changes in offshore water quality. We found that human expansion is mostly driven by economic interests such as port construction, industrial parks, resource development, and tourism development, as well as a direct response to coastal zone development and protection policies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1033466/fullland use functionGoogle Earth Engine (GEE)time-seriesreclamationwater qualitywetland loss |
| spellingShingle | Yafei Wang Yafei Wang Jinfeng Liao Jinfeng Liao Yuxuan Ye Yuxuan Ye Yuxuan Ye Jie Fan Jie Fan Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of China Frontiers in Marine Science land use function Google Earth Engine (GEE) time-series reclamation water quality wetland loss |
| title | Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of China |
| title_full | Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of China |
| title_fullStr | Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of China |
| title_short | Long-term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of China |
| title_sort | long term human expansion and the environmental impacts on the coastal zone of china |
| topic | land use function Google Earth Engine (GEE) time-series reclamation water quality wetland loss |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1033466/full |
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