Unmixing binocular signals
Incompatible images presented to the two eyes lead to perceptual oscillations in which one image at a time is visible. Early models portrayed this binocular rivalry as involving reciprocal inhibition between monocular representations of images, occurring at an early visual stage prior to binocular m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2011-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00078/full |
| _version_ | 1818188142266548224 |
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| author | Sidney R Lehky Sidney R Lehky |
| author_facet | Sidney R Lehky Sidney R Lehky |
| author_sort | Sidney R Lehky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Incompatible images presented to the two eyes lead to perceptual oscillations in which one image at a time is visible. Early models portrayed this binocular rivalry as involving reciprocal inhibition between monocular representations of images, occurring at an early visual stage prior to binocular mixing. However, psychophysical experiments found conditions where rivalry could also occur at a higher, more abstract level of representation. In those cases, the rivalry was between image representations dissociated from eye-of-origin information, rather than between monocular representations from the two eyes. Moreover, neurophysiological recordings found the strongest rivalry correlate in inferotemporal cortex, a high-level, predominantly binocular visual area involved in object recognition, rather than early visual structures. An unresolved issue is how can the separate identities of the two images be maintained after binocular mixing in order for rivalry to be possible at higher levels? Here we demonstrate that after the two images are mixed, they can be unmixed at any subsequent stage using a physiologically plausible nonlinear signal-processing algorithm, non-negative matrix factorization, previously proposed for parsing object parts during object recognition. The possibility that unmixed left and right images can be regenerated at late stages within the visual system provides a mechanism for creating various binocular representations and interactions de novo in different cortical areas for different purposes, rather than inheriting then from early areas. This is a clear example how nonlinear algorithms can lead to highly non-intuitive behavior in neural information processing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:22:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36adfe43c3ff4f648f5220edd7ad264d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:22:13Z |
| publishDate | 2011-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-36adfe43c3ff4f648f5220edd7ad264d2022-12-22T00:46:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612011-08-01510.3389/fnhum.2011.0007811317Unmixing binocular signalsSidney R Lehky0Sidney R Lehky1Salk InstituteRIKEN Brain Science InstituteIncompatible images presented to the two eyes lead to perceptual oscillations in which one image at a time is visible. Early models portrayed this binocular rivalry as involving reciprocal inhibition between monocular representations of images, occurring at an early visual stage prior to binocular mixing. However, psychophysical experiments found conditions where rivalry could also occur at a higher, more abstract level of representation. In those cases, the rivalry was between image representations dissociated from eye-of-origin information, rather than between monocular representations from the two eyes. Moreover, neurophysiological recordings found the strongest rivalry correlate in inferotemporal cortex, a high-level, predominantly binocular visual area involved in object recognition, rather than early visual structures. An unresolved issue is how can the separate identities of the two images be maintained after binocular mixing in order for rivalry to be possible at higher levels? Here we demonstrate that after the two images are mixed, they can be unmixed at any subsequent stage using a physiologically plausible nonlinear signal-processing algorithm, non-negative matrix factorization, previously proposed for parsing object parts during object recognition. The possibility that unmixed left and right images can be regenerated at late stages within the visual system provides a mechanism for creating various binocular representations and interactions de novo in different cortical areas for different purposes, rather than inheriting then from early areas. This is a clear example how nonlinear algorithms can lead to highly non-intuitive behavior in neural information processing.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00078/fullIndependent Component AnalysisNonlinear dynamical systemsbinoculary rivalryblind source separationnon-negative matrix factorization |
| spellingShingle | Sidney R Lehky Sidney R Lehky Unmixing binocular signals Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Independent Component Analysis Nonlinear dynamical systems binoculary rivalry blind source separation non-negative matrix factorization |
| title | Unmixing binocular signals |
| title_full | Unmixing binocular signals |
| title_fullStr | Unmixing binocular signals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unmixing binocular signals |
| title_short | Unmixing binocular signals |
| title_sort | unmixing binocular signals |
| topic | Independent Component Analysis Nonlinear dynamical systems binoculary rivalry blind source separation non-negative matrix factorization |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00078/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sidneyrlehky unmixingbinocularsignals AT sidneyrlehky unmixingbinocularsignals |