Measures of Corticalization
After the insertion of dental implants into living bone, the condition of the peri-implant bone changes with time. Implant-loading phenomena can induce bone remodeling in the form of the corticalization of the trabecular bone. The aim of this study was to see how bone index (BI) values behave in are...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/18/5463 |
| _version_ | 1797486556207906816 |
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| author | Marcin Kozakiewicz |
| author_facet | Marcin Kozakiewicz |
| author_sort | Marcin Kozakiewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | After the insertion of dental implants into living bone, the condition of the peri-implant bone changes with time. Implant-loading phenomena can induce bone remodeling in the form of the corticalization of the trabecular bone. The aim of this study was to see how bone index (BI) values behave in areas of bone loss (radiographically translucent non-trabecular areas) and to propose other indices specifically dedicated to detecting corticalization in living bone. Eight measures of corticalization in clinical standardized intraoral radiographs were studied: mean optical density, entropy, differential entropy, long-run emphasis moment, BI, corticalization index ver. 1 and ver. 2 (CI v.1, CI v.2) and corticalization factor (CF). The analysis was conducted on 40 cortical bone image samples, 40 cancellous bone samples and 40 soft tissue samples. It was found that each measure distinguishes corticalization significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but only CI v.1 and CI v.2 do so selectively. CF or the inverse of BI can serve as a measure of peri-implant bone corticalization. However, better measures are CIs as they are dedicated to detecting this phenomenon and allowing clear clinical deduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:35:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36bfa8688bc3467f8d220b53826d3f9e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:35:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-36bfa8688bc3467f8d220b53826d3f9e2023-11-23T17:01:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-09-011118546310.3390/jcm11185463Measures of CorticalizationMarcin Kozakiewicz0Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskiego Str., 90-549 Lodz, PolandAfter the insertion of dental implants into living bone, the condition of the peri-implant bone changes with time. Implant-loading phenomena can induce bone remodeling in the form of the corticalization of the trabecular bone. The aim of this study was to see how bone index (BI) values behave in areas of bone loss (radiographically translucent non-trabecular areas) and to propose other indices specifically dedicated to detecting corticalization in living bone. Eight measures of corticalization in clinical standardized intraoral radiographs were studied: mean optical density, entropy, differential entropy, long-run emphasis moment, BI, corticalization index ver. 1 and ver. 2 (CI v.1, CI v.2) and corticalization factor (CF). The analysis was conducted on 40 cortical bone image samples, 40 cancellous bone samples and 40 soft tissue samples. It was found that each measure distinguishes corticalization significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but only CI v.1 and CI v.2 do so selectively. CF or the inverse of BI can serve as a measure of peri-implant bone corticalization. However, better measures are CIs as they are dedicated to detecting this phenomenon and allowing clear clinical deduction.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/18/5463dental implantslong-term resultslong-term successfunctional loadingperi-implant boneintra-oral radiographs |
| spellingShingle | Marcin Kozakiewicz Measures of Corticalization Journal of Clinical Medicine dental implants long-term results long-term success functional loading peri-implant bone intra-oral radiographs |
| title | Measures of Corticalization |
| title_full | Measures of Corticalization |
| title_fullStr | Measures of Corticalization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measures of Corticalization |
| title_short | Measures of Corticalization |
| title_sort | measures of corticalization |
| topic | dental implants long-term results long-term success functional loading peri-implant bone intra-oral radiographs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/18/5463 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marcinkozakiewicz measuresofcorticalization |