Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a well-known and widely accepted biomarker of airways inflammation that can be useful in the therapeutic management, and adherence to inhalation therapy control, in asthmatic patients. However, the multiple-flows assessment of FeNO can provide a reliable mea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6187 |
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| author | Paolo Cameli Elena Bargagli Laura Bergantini Miriana d’Alessandro Maria Pieroni Giovanni A. Fontana Piersante Sestini Rosa Metella Refini |
| author_facet | Paolo Cameli Elena Bargagli Laura Bergantini Miriana d’Alessandro Maria Pieroni Giovanni A. Fontana Piersante Sestini Rosa Metella Refini |
| author_sort | Paolo Cameli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a well-known and widely accepted biomarker of airways inflammation that can be useful in the therapeutic management, and adherence to inhalation therapy control, in asthmatic patients. However, the multiple-flows assessment of FeNO can provide a reliable measurement of bronchial and alveolar production of NO, supporting its potential value as biomarker also in peripheral lung diseases, such as interstitial lung diseases (ILD). In this review, we first discuss the role of NO in the pathobiology of lung fibrosis and the technique currently approved for the measurement of maximum bronchial flux of NO (J’awNO) and alveolar concentration of NO (CaNO). We systematically report the published evidence regarding extended FeNO analysis in the management of patients with different ILDs, focusing on its potential role in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and severity assessment of disease. The few available data concerning extended FeNO analysis, and the most common comorbidities of ILD, are explored too. In conclusion, multiple-flows FeNO analysis, and CaNO in particular, appears to be a promising tool to be implemented in the diagnostic and prognostic pathways of patients affected with ILDs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:46:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36c73761e8dd41dcbcd3648742a2344b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:46:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-36c73761e8dd41dcbcd3648742a2344b2023-11-20T11:32:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-08-012117618710.3390/ijms21176187Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic ReviewPaolo Cameli0Elena Bargagli1Laura Bergantini2Miriana d’Alessandro3Maria Pieroni4Giovanni A. Fontana5Piersante Sestini6Rosa Metella Refini7Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyRespiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a well-known and widely accepted biomarker of airways inflammation that can be useful in the therapeutic management, and adherence to inhalation therapy control, in asthmatic patients. However, the multiple-flows assessment of FeNO can provide a reliable measurement of bronchial and alveolar production of NO, supporting its potential value as biomarker also in peripheral lung diseases, such as interstitial lung diseases (ILD). In this review, we first discuss the role of NO in the pathobiology of lung fibrosis and the technique currently approved for the measurement of maximum bronchial flux of NO (J’awNO) and alveolar concentration of NO (CaNO). We systematically report the published evidence regarding extended FeNO analysis in the management of patients with different ILDs, focusing on its potential role in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and severity assessment of disease. The few available data concerning extended FeNO analysis, and the most common comorbidities of ILD, are explored too. In conclusion, multiple-flows FeNO analysis, and CaNO in particular, appears to be a promising tool to be implemented in the diagnostic and prognostic pathways of patients affected with ILDs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6187idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisinterstitial lung diseasebiomarkerexhaled breathnitric oxideoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Cameli Elena Bargagli Laura Bergantini Miriana d’Alessandro Maria Pieroni Giovanni A. Fontana Piersante Sestini Rosa Metella Refini Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung disease biomarker exhaled breath nitric oxide oxidative stress |
| title | Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | extended exhaled nitric oxide analysis in interstitial lung diseases a systematic review |
| topic | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung disease biomarker exhaled breath nitric oxide oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6187 |
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