Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1
In addition to being involved in protein biosynthesis and metabolism, the amino acid glycine is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in caudal regions of the brain. These functions require a tight regulation of glycine concentration not only in the synaptic cleft, but also in various intra...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2561 |
| _version_ | 1797474986252828672 |
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| author | Volker Eulenburg Swen Hülsmann |
| author_facet | Volker Eulenburg Swen Hülsmann |
| author_sort | Volker Eulenburg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In addition to being involved in protein biosynthesis and metabolism, the amino acid glycine is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in caudal regions of the brain. These functions require a tight regulation of glycine concentration not only in the synaptic cleft, but also in various intracellular and extracellular compartments. This is achieved not only by confining the synthesis and degradation of glycine predominantly to the mitochondria, but also by the action of high-affinity large-capacity glycine transporters that mediate the transport of glycine across the membranes of presynaptic terminals or glial cells surrounding the synapses. Although most cells at glycine-dependent synapses express more than one transporter with high affinity for glycine, their synergistic functional interaction is only poorly understood. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the two high-affinity transporters for glycine, the sodium-dependent glycine transporters 1 (GlyT1; SLC6A9) and 2 (GlyT2; SLC6A5) and the alanine–serine–cysteine-1 transporter (Asc-1; SLC7A10). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36e7153412dc4685a3717dce55b1e142 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-36e7153412dc4685a3717dce55b1e1422023-11-23T23:05:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01235256110.3390/ijms23052561Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1Volker Eulenburg0Swen Hülsmann1Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment for Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, GermanyIn addition to being involved in protein biosynthesis and metabolism, the amino acid glycine is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in caudal regions of the brain. These functions require a tight regulation of glycine concentration not only in the synaptic cleft, but also in various intracellular and extracellular compartments. This is achieved not only by confining the synthesis and degradation of glycine predominantly to the mitochondria, but also by the action of high-affinity large-capacity glycine transporters that mediate the transport of glycine across the membranes of presynaptic terminals or glial cells surrounding the synapses. Although most cells at glycine-dependent synapses express more than one transporter with high affinity for glycine, their synergistic functional interaction is only poorly understood. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the two high-affinity transporters for glycine, the sodium-dependent glycine transporters 1 (GlyT1; SLC6A9) and 2 (GlyT2; SLC6A5) and the alanine–serine–cysteine-1 transporter (Asc-1; SLC7A10).https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2561glycinetransporterglycinergic inhibitionhomeostasisinhibitory synapse |
| spellingShingle | Volker Eulenburg Swen Hülsmann Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1 International Journal of Molecular Sciences glycine transporter glycinergic inhibition homeostasis inhibitory synapse |
| title | Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1 |
| title_full | Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1 |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1 |
| title_short | Synergistic Control of Transmitter Turnover at Glycinergic Synapses by GlyT1, GlyT2, and ASC-1 |
| title_sort | synergistic control of transmitter turnover at glycinergic synapses by glyt1 glyt2 and asc 1 |
| topic | glycine transporter glycinergic inhibition homeostasis inhibitory synapse |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2561 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT volkereulenburg synergisticcontroloftransmitterturnoveratglycinergicsynapsesbyglyt1glyt2andasc1 AT swenhulsmann synergisticcontroloftransmitterturnoveratglycinergicsynapsesbyglyt1glyt2andasc1 |