| Summary: | As an energy source, fossil fuel has been one of the most important elements of production
since the Industrial Revolution. However, it is seen that fossil fuels are not evenly distributed in every
part of the world. While this situation has made some countries energy exporters, countries that do
not have fossil fuel resources have become importers. If a country wants to increase the amount of
production and raise the level of social welfare, it must supply energy needs from external sources.
This situation has led to the development of dependency relations in the energy sector. Following the
Ukraine-Russia War that started in the first months of 2022, energy dependency has been recognized
as a risk factor for energy supply security. Therefore, the European Union has implemented a new
strategy to reduce energy dependency, such as the transition to renewable energy and diversification
of energy-importing countries. As a country heavily dependent on energy imports, Turkey also needs to take steps to reduce its energy dependence. The results obtained from the empirical analysis
conducted in this study support this conclusion. As a result of the Johansen cointegration test
conducted within the scope of the analysis, there is a positive relationship between primary energy
supply and fossil fuel consumption and energy dependence in the short and long run for the period
1990-2020 in Turkey. There is a negative relationship between energy efficiency and energy
dependence. Contrary to expectations, there is a negative relationship between Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) and energy dependence. In this model, no relationship could be established between
energy dependence and renewable energy, which is the last variable in the analysis.
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