Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer
A new gas inlet port combined with a novel ionization scheme have been developed and coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) for the detection and measurement of atmospheric volatile (VOCs) and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). Ions are produced predom...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/336 |
| _version_ | 1797622403005677568 |
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| author | Christos Kaltsonoudis Olga Zografou Angeliki Matrali Elias Panagiotopoulos Alexandros Lekkas Mariangela Kosmopoulou Dimitris Papanastasiou Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Spyros N. Pandis |
| author_facet | Christos Kaltsonoudis Olga Zografou Angeliki Matrali Elias Panagiotopoulos Alexandros Lekkas Mariangela Kosmopoulou Dimitris Papanastasiou Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Spyros N. Pandis |
| author_sort | Christos Kaltsonoudis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A new gas inlet port combined with a novel ionization scheme have been developed and coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) for the detection and measurement of atmospheric volatile (VOCs) and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). Ions are produced predominantly by charge transfer reactions in a low-temperature plasma ionization source with minimal fragmentation. Enhanced sensitivity is accomplished by incorporating an increased-size inlet capillary in a transverse arrangement to maximize throughput in the ionization source. Additional design aspects of the new mass spectrometer enabling superior transmission include a large acceptance ion funnel and a segmented radio frequency (RF) ion guide with increased space charge storage capacity. An orthogonal TOF analyzer equipped with a two-stage reflectron and tuned to second order is employed for the determination of the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions, with a mass resolving power of >20 k at mass 500 Th. The performance of the instrument was evaluated in tests using VOC standards and in atmospheric chamber experiments to demonstrate the ability to measure a wide range of organic compounds with different functional groups. Linear signal response is demonstrated over a wide range of VOCs used in the calibration processes in the ppb range, while the instrument exhibits linear response in the ppt range as well. Detection limits as low as 1 ppt are accomplished. The potential applications of this new TOF MS instrument were demonstrated in a pilot atmospheric simulation chamber experiment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36f056321b7146599ba7af863978fdd7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-36f056321b7146599ba7af863978fdd72023-11-16T19:03:25ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-02-0114233610.3390/atmos14020336Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometerChristos Kaltsonoudis0Olga Zografou1Angeliki Matrali2Elias Panagiotopoulos3Alexandros Lekkas4Mariangela Kosmopoulou5Dimitris Papanastasiou6Konstantinos Eleftheriadis7Spyros N. Pandis8Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 26500 Patras, GreeceInstitute of Nuclear & Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 26500 Patras, GreeceFasmatech Science & Technology SA, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, GreeceFasmatech Science & Technology SA, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, GreeceFasmatech Science & Technology SA, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, GreeceFasmatech Science & Technology SA, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Nuclear & Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 26500 Patras, GreeceA new gas inlet port combined with a novel ionization scheme have been developed and coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) for the detection and measurement of atmospheric volatile (VOCs) and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). Ions are produced predominantly by charge transfer reactions in a low-temperature plasma ionization source with minimal fragmentation. Enhanced sensitivity is accomplished by incorporating an increased-size inlet capillary in a transverse arrangement to maximize throughput in the ionization source. Additional design aspects of the new mass spectrometer enabling superior transmission include a large acceptance ion funnel and a segmented radio frequency (RF) ion guide with increased space charge storage capacity. An orthogonal TOF analyzer equipped with a two-stage reflectron and tuned to second order is employed for the determination of the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions, with a mass resolving power of >20 k at mass 500 Th. The performance of the instrument was evaluated in tests using VOC standards and in atmospheric chamber experiments to demonstrate the ability to measure a wide range of organic compounds with different functional groups. Linear signal response is demonstrated over a wide range of VOCs used in the calibration processes in the ppb range, while the instrument exhibits linear response in the ppt range as well. Detection limits as low as 1 ppt are accomplished. The potential applications of this new TOF MS instrument were demonstrated in a pilot atmospheric simulation chamber experiment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/336VOCIVOCtime-of-flight mass spectrometrylow-temperature plasma ionizationproton transfer reactions |
| spellingShingle | Christos Kaltsonoudis Olga Zografou Angeliki Matrali Elias Panagiotopoulos Alexandros Lekkas Mariangela Kosmopoulou Dimitris Papanastasiou Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Spyros N. Pandis Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer Atmosphere VOC IVOC time-of-flight mass spectrometry low-temperature plasma ionization proton transfer reactions |
| title | Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer |
| title_full | Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer |
| title_short | Measurement of Atmospheric Volatile and Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds: Development of a New Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer |
| title_sort | measurement of atmospheric volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds development of a new time of flight mass spectrometer |
| topic | VOC IVOC time-of-flight mass spectrometry low-temperature plasma ionization proton transfer reactions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/336 |
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