Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease characterized by sudden interruption of blood flow in a certain part of the brain, leading to serious disability and death. At present, treatment methods for ischemic stroke are limited to thrombolysis or thrombus removal, but the treatment window...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.864426/full |
| _version_ | 1828529517468057600 |
|---|---|
| author | Lei Wang Yan Liu Xu Zhang Yingze Ye Xiaoxing Xiong Shudi Zhang Lijuan Gu Zhihong Jian Hongfa Wang |
| author_facet | Lei Wang Yan Liu Xu Zhang Yingze Ye Xiaoxing Xiong Shudi Zhang Lijuan Gu Zhihong Jian Hongfa Wang |
| author_sort | Lei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease characterized by sudden interruption of blood flow in a certain part of the brain, leading to serious disability and death. At present, treatment methods for ischemic stroke are limited to thrombolysis or thrombus removal, but the treatment window is very narrow. However, recovery of cerebral blood circulation further causes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein secretion, membrane protein folding, transportation, and maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in cerebral ischemia pathophysiology. Mild ERS helps improve cell tolerance and restore cell homeostasis; however, excessive or long-term ERS causes apoptotic pathway activation. Specifically, the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways are significantly activated following initiation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). CIRI-induced apoptosis leads to nerve cell death, which ultimately aggravates neurological deficits in patients. Therefore, it is necessary and important to comprehensively explore the mechanism of ERS in CIRI to identify methods for preserving brain cells and neuronal function after ischemia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:09:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36fdbe903a124a559a08efdb2ea07eb2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:09:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-36fdbe903a124a559a08efdb2ea07eb22022-12-22T00:48:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022022-05-011610.3389/fncel.2022.864426864426Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion InjuryLei Wang0Yan Liu1Xu Zhang2Yingze Ye3Xiaoxing Xiong4Shudi Zhang5Lijuan Gu6Zhihong Jian7Hongfa Wang8Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaCentral Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaRehabilitation Medicine Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, ChinaIschemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease characterized by sudden interruption of blood flow in a certain part of the brain, leading to serious disability and death. At present, treatment methods for ischemic stroke are limited to thrombolysis or thrombus removal, but the treatment window is very narrow. However, recovery of cerebral blood circulation further causes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein secretion, membrane protein folding, transportation, and maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in cerebral ischemia pathophysiology. Mild ERS helps improve cell tolerance and restore cell homeostasis; however, excessive or long-term ERS causes apoptotic pathway activation. Specifically, the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways are significantly activated following initiation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). CIRI-induced apoptosis leads to nerve cell death, which ultimately aggravates neurological deficits in patients. Therefore, it is necessary and important to comprehensively explore the mechanism of ERS in CIRI to identify methods for preserving brain cells and neuronal function after ischemia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.864426/fullER stressunfolded protein response (UPR)cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI)inflammationapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Lei Wang Yan Liu Xu Zhang Yingze Ye Xiaoxing Xiong Shudi Zhang Lijuan Gu Zhihong Jian Hongfa Wang Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience ER stress unfolded protein response (UPR) cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) inflammation apoptosis |
| title | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury |
| title_full | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury |
| title_fullStr | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury |
| title_short | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury |
| title_sort | endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury |
| topic | ER stress unfolded protein response (UPR) cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) inflammation apoptosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.864426/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leiwang endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT yanliu endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT xuzhang endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT yingzeye endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT xiaoxingxiong endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT shudizhang endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT lijuangu endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT zhihongjian endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury AT hongfawang endoplasmicreticulumstressandtheunfoldedproteinresponseincerebralischemiareperfusioninjury |