Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance
The intergranular corrosion susceptibility of ferritic stainless-steel weldments is strongly dependent on chromium carbide precipitation phenomena. Hence, stabilization is widely used to mitigate the aforementioned precipitation. In contrast, stabilization has proved ineffective to fully prevent int...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/86 |
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| author | Niklas Sommer Clementine Warres Tarek Lutz Martin Kahlmeyer Stefan Böhm |
| author_facet | Niklas Sommer Clementine Warres Tarek Lutz Martin Kahlmeyer Stefan Böhm |
| author_sort | Niklas Sommer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intergranular corrosion susceptibility of ferritic stainless-steel weldments is strongly dependent on chromium carbide precipitation phenomena. Hence, stabilization is widely used to mitigate the aforementioned precipitation. In contrast, stabilization has proved ineffective to fully prevent intergranular corrosion due to segregation of unreacted chromium during solid-state heat-treatments. To analyze the precipitation behavior of 17 wt.-% chromium ferritic stainless steels during laser welding, sheets of unstabilized and titanium-stabilized ferritic stainless steels were welded in a butt joint configuration and characterized with special consideration of precipitation behavior by means of transmission electron microscopy. While unstabilized ferritic stainless steels exhibit pronounced chromium precipitate formation at grain boundaries, titanium-stabilization leads to titanium precipitates without adjacent chromium segregation. However, corrosion tests reveal three distinctive corrosion mechanisms within the investigated ferritic stainless steels based on their inherent precipitation behaviors. In light of the precipitation formation, it is evident that immersion in sulfuric acid media leads to the dissolution of either grain boundaries or the grain boundary vicinity. As a result, the residual mechanical strength of the joint is substantially degraded. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:56:31Z |
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| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:56:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-36fddf01face4682b75b3a57d22447fe2023-11-23T14:42:06ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012022-01-011218610.3390/met12010086Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion ResistanceNiklas Sommer0Clementine Warres1Tarek Lutz2Martin Kahlmeyer3Stefan Böhm4Department for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes, Institute of Production Technology and Logistics, University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Straße 3, 34125 Kassel, GermanyNMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, GermanyNMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, GermanyDepartment for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes, Institute of Production Technology and Logistics, University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Straße 3, 34125 Kassel, GermanyDepartment for Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes, Institute of Production Technology and Logistics, University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Straße 3, 34125 Kassel, GermanyThe intergranular corrosion susceptibility of ferritic stainless-steel weldments is strongly dependent on chromium carbide precipitation phenomena. Hence, stabilization is widely used to mitigate the aforementioned precipitation. In contrast, stabilization has proved ineffective to fully prevent intergranular corrosion due to segregation of unreacted chromium during solid-state heat-treatments. To analyze the precipitation behavior of 17 wt.-% chromium ferritic stainless steels during laser welding, sheets of unstabilized and titanium-stabilized ferritic stainless steels were welded in a butt joint configuration and characterized with special consideration of precipitation behavior by means of transmission electron microscopy. While unstabilized ferritic stainless steels exhibit pronounced chromium precipitate formation at grain boundaries, titanium-stabilization leads to titanium precipitates without adjacent chromium segregation. However, corrosion tests reveal three distinctive corrosion mechanisms within the investigated ferritic stainless steels based on their inherent precipitation behaviors. In light of the precipitation formation, it is evident that immersion in sulfuric acid media leads to the dissolution of either grain boundaries or the grain boundary vicinity. As a result, the residual mechanical strength of the joint is substantially degraded.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/86stainless steellaser weldingintergranular corrosionprecipitationsensitizationelectron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Niklas Sommer Clementine Warres Tarek Lutz Martin Kahlmeyer Stefan Böhm Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance Metals stainless steel laser welding intergranular corrosion precipitation sensitization electron microscopy |
| title | Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance |
| title_full | Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance |
| title_short | Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance |
| title_sort | transmission electron microscopy study on the precipitation behaviors of laser welded ferritic stainless steels and their implications on intergranular corrosion resistance |
| topic | stainless steel laser welding intergranular corrosion precipitation sensitization electron microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/86 |
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