The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Background: Serum electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (PLWH/DM) is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate) and factors associated with e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AOSIS
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/1095 |
| _version_ | 1828748762303954944 |
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| author | Preyanka Pillay Somasundram Pillay Nobuhle Mchunu |
| author_facet | Preyanka Pillay Somasundram Pillay Nobuhle Mchunu |
| author_sort | Preyanka Pillay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Serum electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (PLWH/DM) is unknown.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate) and factors associated with electrolyte abnormalities in black African PLWH/DM versus HIV-uninfected patients with DM.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in 96 black African PLWH/DM (cases) and 192 HIV-uninfected patients with DM (controls), who were visiting the Edendale Hospital DM clinic, from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2016. Pearson’s correlation, multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were utilised.
Results: Hypocalcaemia was the most frequent electrolyte abnormality in PLWH/DM and HIV-uninfected patients with DM (31.25% vs. 22.91%), followed by hyponatraemia (18.75% vs. 13.54%). Median (IQR) corrected serum calcium levels were significantly lower in PLWH/DM compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM (2.24 [2.18–2.30] mmol/L vs. 2.29 [2.20–2.36] mmol/L; p = 0.001). For every per cent increase in glycated haemoglobin, the odds of hyponatraemia significantly increased in both PLWH/DM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19 –2.02; p = 0.003) and HIV-uninfected patients with DM (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04 –1.54; p = 0.009).
Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia and hyponatraemia were the most frequent electrolyte abnormalities and occurred more frequently in PLWH/DM compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM. People living with HIV and DM have significantly lower corrected serum calcium levels compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM. Furthermore, hyponatraemia is a marker of impaired glycaemic control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:19:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-36ffed159e27427b9d000d0f70e83471 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1608-9693 2078-6751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:19:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-36ffed159e27427b9d000d0f70e834712022-12-22T02:10:15ZengAOSISSouthern African Journal of HIV Medicine1608-96932078-67512020-07-01211e1e810.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1095693The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South AfricaPreyanka Pillay0Somasundram Pillay1Nobuhle Mchunu2Department of Internal Medicine, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, DurbanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and, Department of Internal Medicine, King Edward Hospital, DurbanDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Statistics, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; and, Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PietermaritzburgBackground: Serum electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (PLWH/DM) is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate) and factors associated with electrolyte abnormalities in black African PLWH/DM versus HIV-uninfected patients with DM. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in 96 black African PLWH/DM (cases) and 192 HIV-uninfected patients with DM (controls), who were visiting the Edendale Hospital DM clinic, from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2016. Pearson’s correlation, multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were utilised. Results: Hypocalcaemia was the most frequent electrolyte abnormality in PLWH/DM and HIV-uninfected patients with DM (31.25% vs. 22.91%), followed by hyponatraemia (18.75% vs. 13.54%). Median (IQR) corrected serum calcium levels were significantly lower in PLWH/DM compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM (2.24 [2.18–2.30] mmol/L vs. 2.29 [2.20–2.36] mmol/L; p = 0.001). For every per cent increase in glycated haemoglobin, the odds of hyponatraemia significantly increased in both PLWH/DM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19 –2.02; p = 0.003) and HIV-uninfected patients with DM (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04 –1.54; p = 0.009). Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia and hyponatraemia were the most frequent electrolyte abnormalities and occurred more frequently in PLWH/DM compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM. People living with HIV and DM have significantly lower corrected serum calcium levels compared with HIV-uninfected patients with DM. Furthermore, hyponatraemia is a marker of impaired glycaemic control.https://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/1095hivdiabetes mellituselectrolytessodiumpotassiumcalciumphosphateblack african |
| spellingShingle | Preyanka Pillay Somasundram Pillay Nobuhle Mchunu The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine hiv diabetes mellitus electrolytes sodium potassium calcium phosphate black african |
| title | The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa |
| title_full | The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa |
| title_short | The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa |
| title_sort | spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black african people living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus at edendale hospital pietermaritzburg south africa |
| topic | hiv diabetes mellitus electrolytes sodium potassium calcium phosphate black african |
| url | https://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/1095 |
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