Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition
Abstract Humidity sensors are used in many applications. The design of fast sensors that can operate in explosive environments is a difficult task. Therefore, current research efforts aim at combining reliability, sensitivity and high sensing speed. The use of structured ultrathin hydrogels perfectl...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley-VCH
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Advanced Sensor Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202200100 |
| _version_ | 1797659634745475072 |
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| author | Stefan Cesnik Gabriel Hernández Rodríguez Alexander Bergmann Anna Maria Coclite |
| author_facet | Stefan Cesnik Gabriel Hernández Rodríguez Alexander Bergmann Anna Maria Coclite |
| author_sort | Stefan Cesnik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Humidity sensors are used in many applications. The design of fast sensors that can operate in explosive environments is a difficult task. Therefore, current research efforts aim at combining reliability, sensitivity and high sensing speed. The use of structured ultrathin hydrogels perfectly meets these requirements. Nanostructures are directly fabricated with a two‐photon‐polymerisation (2PP) 3D printer to use them as templates for hydrogels. After the 3D printing multiple templates are coated with ultrathin films of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate) (pHEMA) using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). p(HEMA) is a humidity responsive hydrogel which changes its thickness by orders of magnitude depending on the ambient conditions. The 3D printed structures are optimized to give both a fast response time, and an optical read‐out method for visible wavelengths. Upon hydrogel swelling, the height of the nanostructure pillars increases, keeping their periodicity constant. This induces a change in intensity of the first ‐order refraction peak, which can be easily measured also at low humidity levels. The humidity response of the nanostructures is measured and an influence for different hydrogel thicknesses and humidity flow rates is observed. The ultrathin film with the lowest thickness of 50 nm shows the fastest response to relative humidity, which is much faster than commercial sensors with 8 s response time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:17:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37029ac284cd4aa8a4f3899611589494 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2751-1219 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:17:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Sensor Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-37029ac284cd4aa8a4f38996115894942023-10-16T05:24:46ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Sensor Research2751-12192023-10-01210n/an/a10.1002/adsr.202200100Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor DepositionStefan Cesnik0Gabriel Hernández Rodríguez1Alexander Bergmann2Anna Maria Coclite3Inffeldgasse 33 / I Graz 8010 AustriaPetersgasse 16 Graz 8010 AustriaInffeldgasse 33 / I Graz 8010 AustriaPetersgasse 16 Graz 8010 AustriaAbstract Humidity sensors are used in many applications. The design of fast sensors that can operate in explosive environments is a difficult task. Therefore, current research efforts aim at combining reliability, sensitivity and high sensing speed. The use of structured ultrathin hydrogels perfectly meets these requirements. Nanostructures are directly fabricated with a two‐photon‐polymerisation (2PP) 3D printer to use them as templates for hydrogels. After the 3D printing multiple templates are coated with ultrathin films of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate) (pHEMA) using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). p(HEMA) is a humidity responsive hydrogel which changes its thickness by orders of magnitude depending on the ambient conditions. The 3D printed structures are optimized to give both a fast response time, and an optical read‐out method for visible wavelengths. Upon hydrogel swelling, the height of the nanostructure pillars increases, keeping their periodicity constant. This induces a change in intensity of the first ‐order refraction peak, which can be easily measured also at low humidity levels. The humidity response of the nanostructures is measured and an influence for different hydrogel thicknesses and humidity flow rates is observed. The ultrathin film with the lowest thickness of 50 nm shows the fastest response to relative humidity, which is much faster than commercial sensors with 8 s response time.https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202200100Two‐photon‐polymerization 3D printinghumidity sensorshydrogel thin films |
| spellingShingle | Stefan Cesnik Gabriel Hernández Rodríguez Alexander Bergmann Anna Maria Coclite Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition Advanced Sensor Research Two‐photon‐polymerization 3D printing humidity sensors hydrogel thin films |
| title | Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition |
| title_full | Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition |
| title_fullStr | Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition |
| title_short | Ultrafast Humidity Sensing Layers Made by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition |
| title_sort | ultrafast humidity sensing layers made by two photon polymerization and initiated chemical vapor deposition |
| topic | Two‐photon‐polymerization 3D printing humidity sensors hydrogel thin films |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202200100 |
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