Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South Korea
BackgroundHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has caused substantial economic losses worldwide. An understanding of the environmental drivers that contribute to spillover transmission from wild birds to poultry farms is important for predicting areas at risk of introduction and developing risk-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1278852/full |
| _version_ | 1797401471990366208 |
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| author | Kyung-Duk Min Dae-sung Yoo |
| author_facet | Kyung-Duk Min Dae-sung Yoo |
| author_sort | Kyung-Duk Min |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has caused substantial economic losses worldwide. An understanding of the environmental drivers that contribute to spillover transmission from wild birds to poultry farms is important for predicting areas at risk of introduction and developing risk-based surveillance strategies. We conducted an epidemiological study using data from six HPAI outbreak events in South Korea.Materials and methodsAn aggregate-level study design was implemented using third-level administrative units in South Korea. Only regions with high natural reservoir suitability were included. The incidence of HPAI at chicken and duck farms during the initial phase (30 and 45 days after the first case) of each outbreak event was used as the outcome variable, assuming that cross-species transmission from wild birds was the dominant exposure leading to infection. Candidate environmental drivers were meteorological factors, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and altitude, as well as the proportion of protected area, farm density, deforestation level, and predator species richness. Logistic regression models were implemented; conditional autoregression models were used in cases of spatial autocorrelation of residuals.ResultsLower temperature, higher farm density, and lower predator species richness were significantly associated with a higher risk of HPAI infection on chicken farms. Lower temperature, higher proportion of protected area, and lower predator species richness were significantly associated with a higher risk of HPAI infection on duck farms.ConclusionThe predicted dominant transmission routes on chicken and duck farms were horizontal and spillover, respectively. These results reveal a potential protective effect of predator species richness against HPAI outbreaks. Further studies are required to confirm a causal relationship. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:10:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3702e920cc3c469d8e205ca14847f1e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:10:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3702e920cc3c469d8e205ca14847f1e72023-12-07T12:39:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-12-011010.3389/fvets.2023.12788521278852Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South KoreaKyung-Duk Min0Dae-sung Yoo1College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaBackgroundHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has caused substantial economic losses worldwide. An understanding of the environmental drivers that contribute to spillover transmission from wild birds to poultry farms is important for predicting areas at risk of introduction and developing risk-based surveillance strategies. We conducted an epidemiological study using data from six HPAI outbreak events in South Korea.Materials and methodsAn aggregate-level study design was implemented using third-level administrative units in South Korea. Only regions with high natural reservoir suitability were included. The incidence of HPAI at chicken and duck farms during the initial phase (30 and 45 days after the first case) of each outbreak event was used as the outcome variable, assuming that cross-species transmission from wild birds was the dominant exposure leading to infection. Candidate environmental drivers were meteorological factors, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and altitude, as well as the proportion of protected area, farm density, deforestation level, and predator species richness. Logistic regression models were implemented; conditional autoregression models were used in cases of spatial autocorrelation of residuals.ResultsLower temperature, higher farm density, and lower predator species richness were significantly associated with a higher risk of HPAI infection on chicken farms. Lower temperature, higher proportion of protected area, and lower predator species richness were significantly associated with a higher risk of HPAI infection on duck farms.ConclusionThe predicted dominant transmission routes on chicken and duck farms were horizontal and spillover, respectively. These results reveal a potential protective effect of predator species richness against HPAI outbreaks. Further studies are required to confirm a causal relationship.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1278852/fullhighly pathogenic avian influenzaveterinary epidemiologyconservation epidemiologypredator species richnessenvironmental drivers |
| spellingShingle | Kyung-Duk Min Dae-sung Yoo Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South Korea Frontiers in Veterinary Science highly pathogenic avian influenza veterinary epidemiology conservation epidemiology predator species richness environmental drivers |
| title | Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South Korea |
| title_full | Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South Korea |
| title_short | Ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010–2021: a nationwide study in South Korea |
| title_sort | ecological drivers for poultry farms predisposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection during the initial phase of the six outbreaks between 2010 2021 a nationwide study in south korea |
| topic | highly pathogenic avian influenza veterinary epidemiology conservation epidemiology predator species richness environmental drivers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1278852/full |
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