Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting Application
A series of long-afterglow luminescent materials (SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup> (SAOE), SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> (SAOED) and SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<su...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/14/2034 |
| _version_ | 1797587925375909888 |
|---|---|
| author | Peng Gao Quanxiao Liu Jiao Wu Jun Jing Wenguan Zhang Junying Zhang Tao Jiang Jigang Wang Yuansheng Qi Zhenjun Li |
| author_facet | Peng Gao Quanxiao Liu Jiao Wu Jun Jing Wenguan Zhang Junying Zhang Tao Jiang Jigang Wang Yuansheng Qi Zhenjun Li |
| author_sort | Peng Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A series of long-afterglow luminescent materials (SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup> (SAOE), SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> (SAOED) and SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup> (SAOEDG)) was synthesized via the combustion method. Temperature and concentration control experiments were conducted on these materials to determine the optimal reaction temperature and ion doping concentration for each sample. The crystal structure and luminescent properties were analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and afterglow attenuation curves. The outcomes demonstrate that the kind of crystal structure and the location of the emission peak were unaffected by the addition of ions. The addition of Eu<sup>2+</sup> to the matrix’s lattice caused a broad green emission with a central wavelength of 508 nm, which was attributed to the characteristic 4f<sup>6</sup>5d<sup>1</sup> to 4f<sup>7</sup> electronic dipole, which allowed the transition of Eu<sup>2+</sup> ions. While acting as sensitizers, Dy<sup>3+</sup> and Gd<sup>3+</sup> could produce holes to create a trap energy level, which served as an electron trap center to catch some of the electrons produced by the excitation of Eu<sup>2+</sup> but did not itself emit light. After excitation ceased, this allowed them to gently transition to the ground state to produce long-afterglow luminescence. It was observed that with the addition of sensitizer ions, the luminous intensity of the sample increased, and the afterglow duration lengthened. The elemental structure and valence states of the doped ions were determined with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the samples. The results show that the sample was synthesized successfully, and the type and content of ions in the fluorescent powder could be determined. The fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, bandgap value, afterglow decay time, and coordinate position in the coherent infrared energy (CIE) diagram of the three best sample groups were then analyzed and compared. Combining the prepared phosphor with ink provides a new idea and method for the field of anti-counterfeiting through screen printing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-370bad3c428943aeb32390070aa5eb18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-370bad3c428943aeb32390070aa5eb182023-11-18T20:45:01ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-07-011314203410.3390/nano13142034Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting ApplicationPeng Gao0Quanxiao Liu1Jiao Wu2Jun Jing3Wenguan Zhang4Junying Zhang5Tao Jiang6Jigang Wang7Yuansheng Qi8Zhenjun Li9Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, ChinaSchool of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, ChinaNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices (Preparatory), Beijing 100190, ChinaA series of long-afterglow luminescent materials (SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup> (SAOE), SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> (SAOED) and SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup> (SAOEDG)) was synthesized via the combustion method. Temperature and concentration control experiments were conducted on these materials to determine the optimal reaction temperature and ion doping concentration for each sample. The crystal structure and luminescent properties were analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and afterglow attenuation curves. The outcomes demonstrate that the kind of crystal structure and the location of the emission peak were unaffected by the addition of ions. The addition of Eu<sup>2+</sup> to the matrix’s lattice caused a broad green emission with a central wavelength of 508 nm, which was attributed to the characteristic 4f<sup>6</sup>5d<sup>1</sup> to 4f<sup>7</sup> electronic dipole, which allowed the transition of Eu<sup>2+</sup> ions. While acting as sensitizers, Dy<sup>3+</sup> and Gd<sup>3+</sup> could produce holes to create a trap energy level, which served as an electron trap center to catch some of the electrons produced by the excitation of Eu<sup>2+</sup> but did not itself emit light. After excitation ceased, this allowed them to gently transition to the ground state to produce long-afterglow luminescence. It was observed that with the addition of sensitizer ions, the luminous intensity of the sample increased, and the afterglow duration lengthened. The elemental structure and valence states of the doped ions were determined with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the samples. The results show that the sample was synthesized successfully, and the type and content of ions in the fluorescent powder could be determined. The fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, bandgap value, afterglow decay time, and coordinate position in the coherent infrared energy (CIE) diagram of the three best sample groups were then analyzed and compared. Combining the prepared phosphor with ink provides a new idea and method for the field of anti-counterfeiting through screen printing.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/14/2034SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup>rare-earth elementsbandgaplong afterglowmechanism of afterglow |
| spellingShingle | Peng Gao Quanxiao Liu Jiao Wu Jun Jing Wenguan Zhang Junying Zhang Tao Jiang Jigang Wang Yuansheng Qi Zhenjun Li Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting Application Nanomaterials SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup> rare-earth elements bandgap long afterglow mechanism of afterglow |
| title | Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting Application |
| title_full | Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting Application |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting Application |
| title_short | Enhanced Fluorescence Characteristics of SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor by Co-Doping Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Anti-Counterfeiting Application |
| title_sort | enhanced fluorescence characteristics of sral sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub eu sup 2 sup dy sup 3 sup phosphor by co doping gd sup 3 sup and anti counterfeiting application |
| topic | SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup> rare-earth elements bandgap long afterglow mechanism of afterglow |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/14/2034 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT penggao enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT quanxiaoliu enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT jiaowu enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT junjing enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT wenguanzhang enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT junyingzhang enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT taojiang enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT jigangwang enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT yuanshengqi enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication AT zhenjunli enhancedfluorescencecharacteristicsofsralsub2subosub4subeusup2supdysup3supphosphorbycodopinggdsup3supandanticounterfeitingapplication |