The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits
A geosynchronous satellite orbits the Earth along a constant longitude. A special case is the geostationary satellite that is located at a constant position above the equator. The ideal position of a geostationary satellite is at the level of zero gravity, i.e. at the geocentric radius where the gra...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2017-02-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Geodetic Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2017-0005 |
| _version_ | 1798026355338641408 |
|---|---|
| author | Sjöberg L.E. Grafarend E.W. Joud M.S.S. |
| author_facet | Sjöberg L.E. Grafarend E.W. Joud M.S.S. |
| author_sort | Sjöberg L.E. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A geosynchronous satellite orbits the Earth along a constant longitude. A special case is the geostationary satellite that is located at a constant position above the equator. The ideal position of a geostationary satellite is at the level of zero gravity, i.e. at the geocentric radius where the gravitational force of the Earth equals the centrifugal force. These forces must be compensated for several perturbing forces, in particular for the lunisolar tides. Considering that the gravity field of the Earth varies not only radially but also laterally, this study focuses on the variations of zero gravity not only on the equator (for geostationary satellites) but also for various latitudes. It is found that the radius of a geostationary satellite deviates from its mean value of 42164.2 km only within ±2 m, mainly due to the spherical harmonic coefficient J22, which is related with the equatorial flattening of the Earth. Away from the equator the zero gravity surface deviates from the ideal radius of a geosynchronous satellite, and more so for higher latitudes. While the radius of the former surface increases towards infinity towards the poles, the latter decreases about 520 m from the equator to the pole. Tidal effects vary these radii within ±2.3 km. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:34:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3718ad027eac404fac695f0b627f4da5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2081-9943 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:34:03Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Geodetic Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3718ad027eac404fac695f0b627f4da52022-12-22T04:09:20ZengDe GruyterJournal of Geodetic Science2081-99432017-02-0171435010.1515/jogs-2017-0005jogs-2017-0005The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbitsSjöberg L.E.0Grafarend E.W.1Joud M.S.S.2Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Geodesy and Geoinformatics Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, GermanyRoyal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, SwedenA geosynchronous satellite orbits the Earth along a constant longitude. A special case is the geostationary satellite that is located at a constant position above the equator. The ideal position of a geostationary satellite is at the level of zero gravity, i.e. at the geocentric radius where the gravitational force of the Earth equals the centrifugal force. These forces must be compensated for several perturbing forces, in particular for the lunisolar tides. Considering that the gravity field of the Earth varies not only radially but also laterally, this study focuses on the variations of zero gravity not only on the equator (for geostationary satellites) but also for various latitudes. It is found that the radius of a geostationary satellite deviates from its mean value of 42164.2 km only within ±2 m, mainly due to the spherical harmonic coefficient J22, which is related with the equatorial flattening of the Earth. Away from the equator the zero gravity surface deviates from the ideal radius of a geosynchronous satellite, and more so for higher latitudes. While the radius of the former surface increases towards infinity towards the poles, the latter decreases about 520 m from the equator to the pole. Tidal effects vary these radii within ±2.3 km.https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2017-0005geostationary satellitegeosynchronous satellitezero gravity surface |
| spellingShingle | Sjöberg L.E. Grafarend E.W. Joud M.S.S. The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits Journal of Geodetic Science geostationary satellite geosynchronous satellite zero gravity surface |
| title | The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits |
| title_full | The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits |
| title_fullStr | The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits |
| title_full_unstemmed | The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits |
| title_short | The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits |
| title_sort | zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits |
| topic | geostationary satellite geosynchronous satellite zero gravity surface |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2017-0005 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sjobergle thezerogravitycurveandsurfaceandradiiforgeostationaryandgeosynchronoussatelliteorbits AT grafarendew thezerogravitycurveandsurfaceandradiiforgeostationaryandgeosynchronoussatelliteorbits AT joudmss thezerogravitycurveandsurfaceandradiiforgeostationaryandgeosynchronoussatelliteorbits AT sjobergle zerogravitycurveandsurfaceandradiiforgeostationaryandgeosynchronoussatelliteorbits AT grafarendew zerogravitycurveandsurfaceandradiiforgeostationaryandgeosynchronoussatelliteorbits AT joudmss zerogravitycurveandsurfaceandradiiforgeostationaryandgeosynchronoussatelliteorbits |