Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease of prematurity, is increasingly recognized as the consequence of a pathological reparative response of the developing lung to both antenatal and postnatal injury. According to this view, the pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial and heteroge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/5/687 |
| _version_ | 1797498657998635008 |
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| author | Maria Pierro Karen Van Mechelen Elke van Westering-Kroon Eduardo Villamor-Martínez Eduardo Villamor |
| author_facet | Maria Pierro Karen Van Mechelen Elke van Westering-Kroon Eduardo Villamor-Martínez Eduardo Villamor |
| author_sort | Maria Pierro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease of prematurity, is increasingly recognized as the consequence of a pathological reparative response of the developing lung to both antenatal and postnatal injury. According to this view, the pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial and heterogeneous with different patterns of antenatal stress (endotypes) that combine with varying postnatal insults and might distinctively damage the development of airways, lung parenchyma, interstitium, lymphatic system, and pulmonary vasculature. This results in different clinical phenotypes of BPD. There is no clear consensus on which are the endotypes of prematurity but the combination of clinical information with placental and bacteriological data enables the identification of two main pathways leading to birth before 32 weeks of gestation: (1) infection/inflammation and (2) dysfunctional placentation. Regarding BPD phenotypes, the following have been proposed: parenchymal, peripheral airway, central airway, interstitial, congestive, vascular, and mixed phenotype. In line with the approach of personalized medicine, endotyping prematurity and phenotyping BPD will facilitate the design of more targeted therapeutic and prognostic approaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:36:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3720d406fcc14fa19652b6e90244cf61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:36:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-3720d406fcc14fa19652b6e90244cf612023-11-23T11:43:09ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262022-04-0112568710.3390/jpm12050687Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized NeonatologyMaria Pierro0Karen Van Mechelen1Elke van Westering-Kroon2Eduardo Villamor-Martínez3Eduardo Villamor4Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, M. Bufalini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsStatistics Netherlands, 6401 CZ Heerlen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The NetherlandsBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease of prematurity, is increasingly recognized as the consequence of a pathological reparative response of the developing lung to both antenatal and postnatal injury. According to this view, the pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial and heterogeneous with different patterns of antenatal stress (endotypes) that combine with varying postnatal insults and might distinctively damage the development of airways, lung parenchyma, interstitium, lymphatic system, and pulmonary vasculature. This results in different clinical phenotypes of BPD. There is no clear consensus on which are the endotypes of prematurity but the combination of clinical information with placental and bacteriological data enables the identification of two main pathways leading to birth before 32 weeks of gestation: (1) infection/inflammation and (2) dysfunctional placentation. Regarding BPD phenotypes, the following have been proposed: parenchymal, peripheral airway, central airway, interstitial, congestive, vascular, and mixed phenotype. In line with the approach of personalized medicine, endotyping prematurity and phenotyping BPD will facilitate the design of more targeted therapeutic and prognostic approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/5/687endotypepreterm birthphenotypebronchopulmonary dysplasia |
| spellingShingle | Maria Pierro Karen Van Mechelen Elke van Westering-Kroon Eduardo Villamor-Martínez Eduardo Villamor Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology Journal of Personalized Medicine endotype preterm birth phenotype bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
| title | Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology |
| title_full | Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology |
| title_fullStr | Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology |
| title_short | Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology |
| title_sort | endotypes of prematurity and phenotypes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia toward personalized neonatology |
| topic | endotype preterm birth phenotype bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/5/687 |
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