Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System?
Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst’s unattainability principle, which states that infinite resources are required to cool a system to absolut...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Physical Society
2023-03-01
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| Series: | PRX Quantum |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.010332 |
| _version_ | 1797859139676798976 |
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| author | Philip Taranto Faraj Bakhshinezhad Andreas Bluhm Ralph Silva Nicolai Friis Maximilian P.E. Lock Giuseppe Vitagliano Felix C. Binder Tiago Debarba Emanuel Schwarzhans Fabien Clivaz Marcus Huber |
| author_facet | Philip Taranto Faraj Bakhshinezhad Andreas Bluhm Ralph Silva Nicolai Friis Maximilian P.E. Lock Giuseppe Vitagliano Felix C. Binder Tiago Debarba Emanuel Schwarzhans Fabien Clivaz Marcus Huber |
| author_sort | Philip Taranto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst’s unattainability principle, which states that infinite resources are required to cool a system to absolute zero temperature. But what are these resources and how should they be utilized? And how does this relate to Landauer’s principle that famously connects information and thermodynamics? We answer these questions by providing a framework for identifying the resources that enable the creation of pure quantum states. We show that perfect cooling is possible with Landauer energy cost given infinite time or control complexity. However, such optimal protocols require complex unitaries generated by an external work source. Restricting to unitaries that can be run solely via a heat engine, we derive a novel Carnot-Landauer limit, along with protocols for its saturation. This generalizes Landauer’s principle to a fully thermodynamic setting, leading to a unification with the third law and emphasizes the importance of control in quantum thermodynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:24:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-372cc99292ed415495b6d55931718f9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2691-3399 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:24:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PRX Quantum |
| spelling | doaj.art-372cc99292ed415495b6d55931718f9b2023-03-27T18:13:14ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992023-03-014101033210.1103/PRXQuantum.4.010332Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System?Philip TarantoFaraj BakhshinezhadAndreas BluhmRalph SilvaNicolai FriisMaximilian P.E. LockGiuseppe VitaglianoFelix C. BinderTiago DebarbaEmanuel SchwarzhansFabien ClivazMarcus HuberThermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst’s unattainability principle, which states that infinite resources are required to cool a system to absolute zero temperature. But what are these resources and how should they be utilized? And how does this relate to Landauer’s principle that famously connects information and thermodynamics? We answer these questions by providing a framework for identifying the resources that enable the creation of pure quantum states. We show that perfect cooling is possible with Landauer energy cost given infinite time or control complexity. However, such optimal protocols require complex unitaries generated by an external work source. Restricting to unitaries that can be run solely via a heat engine, we derive a novel Carnot-Landauer limit, along with protocols for its saturation. This generalizes Landauer’s principle to a fully thermodynamic setting, leading to a unification with the third law and emphasizes the importance of control in quantum thermodynamics.http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.010332 |
| spellingShingle | Philip Taranto Faraj Bakhshinezhad Andreas Bluhm Ralph Silva Nicolai Friis Maximilian P.E. Lock Giuseppe Vitagliano Felix C. Binder Tiago Debarba Emanuel Schwarzhans Fabien Clivaz Marcus Huber Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System? PRX Quantum |
| title | Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System? |
| title_full | Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System? |
| title_fullStr | Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System? |
| title_short | Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System? |
| title_sort | landauer versus nernst what is the true cost of cooling a quantum system |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.010332 |
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