Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection
A novel method utilizing non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with indirect ultraviolet detection (IUD) has been developed for the analysis of five quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). The QACs analyzed in this study include dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Separations |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/387 |
| _version_ | 1797587435096375296 |
|---|---|
| author | Kai Yao Ruoke Jiang Ping Wang Jing Zhang Bing Shao Xiaojing Ding |
| author_facet | Kai Yao Ruoke Jiang Ping Wang Jing Zhang Bing Shao Xiaojing Ding |
| author_sort | Kai Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A novel method utilizing non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with indirect ultraviolet detection (IUD) has been developed for the analysis of five quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). The QACs analyzed in this study include dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyldecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and didecyl dimethy ammonium bromide. The separation process was carried out on an uncoated fused quartz capillary with a total length of 50.2 cm (effective length 40.0 cm) and a diameter of 50 μm. The separation buffer consisted of a mixture of MeOH/ACN (90:10, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) containing 2 mmol/L sodium acetate, 2 mmol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and 16 mmol/L dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. The sample buffer utilized a mixture of MeOH/ACN (20:80, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) containing 2 mmol/L TFA. During analysis, a separation voltage of 7 kV was applied, resulting in a current of approximately 2.3 μA. The detection wavelength was set at 214 nm to ensure optimal sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the method exhibited excellent performance characteristics, with a limit of detection of 0.5 mg/L and a limit of quantitation of 5.0 mg/L for the five QACs. Linear calibration curves were obtained in a concentration range of 5.0 to 100.0 mg/L, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999 for all compounds. The recoveries of the five QACs ranged from 92.3% to 114.7%, with relative standard deviations below 7.4%. To assess the applicability of the NACE-IUD method, 17 commercially available samples were successfully analyzed. The results confirmed the suitability of the method for accurate determination of the five QACs in disinfectant products. Notably, this method offers an environmentally friendly approach for the analysis of these QACs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:38:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3734042c91fc455b97aa650eb9d7f28b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:38:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-3734042c91fc455b97aa650eb9d7f28b2023-11-18T21:20:59ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-07-0110738710.3390/separations10070387Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet DetectionKai Yao0Ruoke Jiang1Ping Wang2Jing Zhang3Bing Shao4Xiaojing Ding5Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaA novel method utilizing non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with indirect ultraviolet detection (IUD) has been developed for the analysis of five quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). The QACs analyzed in this study include dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyldecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and didecyl dimethy ammonium bromide. The separation process was carried out on an uncoated fused quartz capillary with a total length of 50.2 cm (effective length 40.0 cm) and a diameter of 50 μm. The separation buffer consisted of a mixture of MeOH/ACN (90:10, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) containing 2 mmol/L sodium acetate, 2 mmol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and 16 mmol/L dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. The sample buffer utilized a mixture of MeOH/ACN (20:80, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) containing 2 mmol/L TFA. During analysis, a separation voltage of 7 kV was applied, resulting in a current of approximately 2.3 μA. The detection wavelength was set at 214 nm to ensure optimal sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the method exhibited excellent performance characteristics, with a limit of detection of 0.5 mg/L and a limit of quantitation of 5.0 mg/L for the five QACs. Linear calibration curves were obtained in a concentration range of 5.0 to 100.0 mg/L, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999 for all compounds. The recoveries of the five QACs ranged from 92.3% to 114.7%, with relative standard deviations below 7.4%. To assess the applicability of the NACE-IUD method, 17 commercially available samples were successfully analyzed. The results confirmed the suitability of the method for accurate determination of the five QACs in disinfectant products. Notably, this method offers an environmentally friendly approach for the analysis of these QACs.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/387non-aqueous capillary electrophoresisindirect ultraviolet detectionquaternary ammonium compoundsdodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromidetetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromidedimethyl dioctyl ammonium chloride |
| spellingShingle | Kai Yao Ruoke Jiang Ping Wang Jing Zhang Bing Shao Xiaojing Ding Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection Separations non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis indirect ultraviolet detection quaternary ammonium compounds dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide dimethyl dioctyl ammonium chloride |
| title | Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection |
| title_full | Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection |
| title_short | Analysis of Two Single and Three Double Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds via Non-Aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection |
| title_sort | analysis of two single and three double long chain quaternary ammonium compounds via non aqueous capillary electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection |
| topic | non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis indirect ultraviolet detection quaternary ammonium compounds dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide dimethyl dioctyl ammonium chloride |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/387 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kaiyao analysisoftwosingleandthreedoublelongchainquaternaryammoniumcompoundsvianonaqueouscapillaryelectrophoresiswithindirectultravioletdetection AT ruokejiang analysisoftwosingleandthreedoublelongchainquaternaryammoniumcompoundsvianonaqueouscapillaryelectrophoresiswithindirectultravioletdetection AT pingwang analysisoftwosingleandthreedoublelongchainquaternaryammoniumcompoundsvianonaqueouscapillaryelectrophoresiswithindirectultravioletdetection AT jingzhang analysisoftwosingleandthreedoublelongchainquaternaryammoniumcompoundsvianonaqueouscapillaryelectrophoresiswithindirectultravioletdetection AT bingshao analysisoftwosingleandthreedoublelongchainquaternaryammoniumcompoundsvianonaqueouscapillaryelectrophoresiswithindirectultravioletdetection AT xiaojingding analysisoftwosingleandthreedoublelongchainquaternaryammoniumcompoundsvianonaqueouscapillaryelectrophoresiswithindirectultravioletdetection |