Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children
Background: Imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract has a significant and critical role for diagnosis of genitourinary system diseases. Although technological progress goes toward less invasive approaches, some of the current methods are still invasive and annoying. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Research in Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.jmsjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-1995;year=2017;volume=22;issue=1;spage=42;epage=42;aulast=Alizadeh |
| _version_ | 1828427253425373184 |
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| author | Anahita Alizadeh Maryam Naseri Yalda Ravanshad Shahabaddin Sorouri Malihe Banihassan Anoush Azarfar |
| author_facet | Anahita Alizadeh Maryam Naseri Yalda Ravanshad Shahabaddin Sorouri Malihe Banihassan Anoush Azarfar |
| author_sort | Anahita Alizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract has a significant and critical role for diagnosis of genitourinary system diseases. Although technological progress goes toward less invasive approaches, some of the current methods are still invasive and annoying. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the best and most accurate method for diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral reflux. VCUG is a distressful procedure that gives serious anxiety and pain in a large proportion of children and fear for parents; therefore, using effective sedative drugs with the least side effects is necessary and should be considered. Materials and Methods: In this review article, importance and efficacy of different drugs before catheterization VCUG be compared in the base of literature survey on EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane source. Results: We found that the treatment should be based on nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods; nonpharmacological treatment includes the psychological preparation before procedures as a safety precaution with little or no risk modality, as well as reassuring support. The presence of parents during painful procedures cannot alleviate children distress. Pharmacological methods include oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and intranasal use (0.2 mg/kg) that had been used 10 min before the procedure can effect on anterograde amnesia and sedation without considerable effect on accuracy and grade of reflux. Nitric oxide has a shorter recovery time versus midazolam but has a potential risk for deep sedation and may interfere with the child's voiding phase. Conclusion: In summary, oral midazolam of 0.5–0.6 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg intranasal is acceptable drug that can be used before VCUG. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:58:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-373b6fa82d2d4c62b5f793db217746c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1735-1995 1735-7136 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:58:40Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Research in Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-373b6fa82d2d4c62b5f793db217746c02022-12-22T01:40:38ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Research in Medical Sciences1735-19951735-71362017-01-01221424210.4103/1735-1995.202139Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in childrenAnahita AlizadehMaryam NaseriYalda RavanshadShahabaddin SorouriMalihe BanihassanAnoush AzarfarBackground: Imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract has a significant and critical role for diagnosis of genitourinary system diseases. Although technological progress goes toward less invasive approaches, some of the current methods are still invasive and annoying. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the best and most accurate method for diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral reflux. VCUG is a distressful procedure that gives serious anxiety and pain in a large proportion of children and fear for parents; therefore, using effective sedative drugs with the least side effects is necessary and should be considered. Materials and Methods: In this review article, importance and efficacy of different drugs before catheterization VCUG be compared in the base of literature survey on EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane source. Results: We found that the treatment should be based on nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods; nonpharmacological treatment includes the psychological preparation before procedures as a safety precaution with little or no risk modality, as well as reassuring support. The presence of parents during painful procedures cannot alleviate children distress. Pharmacological methods include oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and intranasal use (0.2 mg/kg) that had been used 10 min before the procedure can effect on anterograde amnesia and sedation without considerable effect on accuracy and grade of reflux. Nitric oxide has a shorter recovery time versus midazolam but has a potential risk for deep sedation and may interfere with the child's voiding phase. Conclusion: In summary, oral midazolam of 0.5–0.6 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg intranasal is acceptable drug that can be used before VCUG.http://www.jmsjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-1995;year=2017;volume=22;issue=1;spage=42;epage=42;aulast=AlizadehChildrencystourethrographymidazolamsedative |
| spellingShingle | Anahita Alizadeh Maryam Naseri Yalda Ravanshad Shahabaddin Sorouri Malihe Banihassan Anoush Azarfar Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Children cystourethrography midazolam sedative |
| title | Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children |
| title_full | Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children |
| title_fullStr | Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children |
| title_short | Use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children |
| title_sort | use of sedative drugs at reducing the side effects of voiding cystourethrography in children |
| topic | Children cystourethrography midazolam sedative |
| url | http://www.jmsjournal.net/article.asp?issn=1735-1995;year=2017;volume=22;issue=1;spage=42;epage=42;aulast=Alizadeh |
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