Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed Tomography
The northern Adriatic continental shelf hosts several coralligenous reefs rising from the sedimentary bottom and characterized by three main benthic assemblages, respectively, dominated by algal turfs, encrusting calcareous rhodophyte (ECRs) or erect sponges. Bioconstruction and bioerosion processes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.790869/full |
| _version_ | 1818332722075009024 |
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| author | Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Matteo Bettuzzi Matteo Bettuzzi Barbara Calcinai Maria Pia Morigi Maria Pia Morigi Adam P. Summers Massimo Ponti Massimo Ponti Massimo Ponti |
| author_facet | Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Matteo Bettuzzi Matteo Bettuzzi Barbara Calcinai Maria Pia Morigi Maria Pia Morigi Adam P. Summers Massimo Ponti Massimo Ponti Massimo Ponti |
| author_sort | Eva Turicchia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The northern Adriatic continental shelf hosts several coralligenous reefs rising from the sedimentary bottom and characterized by three main benthic assemblages, respectively, dominated by algal turfs, encrusting calcareous rhodophyte (ECRs) or erect sponges. Bioconstruction and bioerosion processes have been investigated using recruitment travertine limestone tiles deployed in a random site for each main benthic assemblages off Chioggia, 6.1–14.4 km offshore and 20.2–25.4 m depth. Tiles were retrieved after 3 and 12 years and analyzed by X-ray computed tomography (CT), allowing for non-destructively identifying and quantifying deposited and eroded limestone. The main builders were ECRs, serpulids, bryozoans, barnacles, and the bivalves Anomia ephippium, while the most effective borers were sponges from the genus Cliona and the bivalve Rocellaria dubia. The deposition of limestone after 12 years was greater at the site MR08 dominated by ECRs (12.52 ± 2.22 kg m–2), intermediate at the site P213 dominated by erect sponges (4.20 ± 1.24 kg m–2), and lower in the site P204 dominated by algal turfs (2.20 ± 0.72 kg m–2). At MR08, the deposition rate did not vary much over time (from 1.295 ± 0.270 to 1.080 ± 0.198 kg m–2 a–1), while in the other two sites, it significantly slowed down after the first survey period: from 0.952 ± 0.199 to 0.350 ± 0.103 kg m–2 a–1 at P213, and from 1.470 ± 0.462 to 0.203 ± 0.058 kg m–2 a–1 at P204. The amount of eroded limestone increased with the exposure time, with no significant differences among sites, from 1.13 ± 0.29 to 10.39 ± 1.14 kg m–2 on average at 3 and 12 years, respectively. The bioerosion rate also increased with the exposure time and was slightly higher at MR08 (from 0.682 ± 0.208 to 1.105 ± 0.088 kg m–2 a–1), mostly eroded by Cliona rhodensis in addition to C. viridis, compared to P204 (from 0.267 ± 0.078 to 0.676 ± 0.172 kg m–2 a–1) and P213 (from 0.179 ± 0.065 to 0.816 ± 0.171 kg m–2 a–1). Overall, bioconstruction has overcome the bioerosion processes in 3 years. In 12 years, the estimated net balance was essentially nil at all sites. Combining field experiment and CT analysis, this study provides the first quantification of the bioerosion and bioconstruction processes in the northern Adriatic coralligenous reefs, a fundamental step toward their conservation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:40:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-374167d889ac48eeb5427139cd265a17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:40:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-374167d889ac48eeb5427139cd265a172022-12-21T23:43:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-01-01810.3389/fmars.2021.790869790869Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed TomographyEva Turicchia0Eva Turicchia1Eva Turicchia2Eva Turicchia3Marco Abbiati4Marco Abbiati5Marco Abbiati6Marco Abbiati7Matteo Bettuzzi8Matteo Bettuzzi9Barbara Calcinai10Maria Pia Morigi11Maria Pia Morigi12Adam P. Summers13Massimo Ponti14Massimo Ponti15Massimo Ponti16Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, University of Bologna, Ravenna, ItalyCentro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia, University of Bologna, Ravenna, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, Ravenna, ItalyConsorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, ItalyDipartimento di Beni Culturali, University of Bologna, Ravenna, ItalyCentro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia, University of Bologna, Ravenna, ItalyConsorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, ItalyIstituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyNational Institute of Nuclear Physics – Section of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyNational Institute of Nuclear Physics – Section of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyFriday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, United StatesCentro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Fonti Rinnovabili, Ambiente, Mare ed Energia, University of Bologna, Ravenna, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, Ravenna, ItalyConsorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, ItalyThe northern Adriatic continental shelf hosts several coralligenous reefs rising from the sedimentary bottom and characterized by three main benthic assemblages, respectively, dominated by algal turfs, encrusting calcareous rhodophyte (ECRs) or erect sponges. Bioconstruction and bioerosion processes have been investigated using recruitment travertine limestone tiles deployed in a random site for each main benthic assemblages off Chioggia, 6.1–14.4 km offshore and 20.2–25.4 m depth. Tiles were retrieved after 3 and 12 years and analyzed by X-ray computed tomography (CT), allowing for non-destructively identifying and quantifying deposited and eroded limestone. The main builders were ECRs, serpulids, bryozoans, barnacles, and the bivalves Anomia ephippium, while the most effective borers were sponges from the genus Cliona and the bivalve Rocellaria dubia. The deposition of limestone after 12 years was greater at the site MR08 dominated by ECRs (12.52 ± 2.22 kg m–2), intermediate at the site P213 dominated by erect sponges (4.20 ± 1.24 kg m–2), and lower in the site P204 dominated by algal turfs (2.20 ± 0.72 kg m–2). At MR08, the deposition rate did not vary much over time (from 1.295 ± 0.270 to 1.080 ± 0.198 kg m–2 a–1), while in the other two sites, it significantly slowed down after the first survey period: from 0.952 ± 0.199 to 0.350 ± 0.103 kg m–2 a–1 at P213, and from 1.470 ± 0.462 to 0.203 ± 0.058 kg m–2 a–1 at P204. The amount of eroded limestone increased with the exposure time, with no significant differences among sites, from 1.13 ± 0.29 to 10.39 ± 1.14 kg m–2 on average at 3 and 12 years, respectively. The bioerosion rate also increased with the exposure time and was slightly higher at MR08 (from 0.682 ± 0.208 to 1.105 ± 0.088 kg m–2 a–1), mostly eroded by Cliona rhodensis in addition to C. viridis, compared to P204 (from 0.267 ± 0.078 to 0.676 ± 0.172 kg m–2 a–1) and P213 (from 0.179 ± 0.065 to 0.816 ± 0.171 kg m–2 a–1). Overall, bioconstruction has overcome the bioerosion processes in 3 years. In 12 years, the estimated net balance was essentially nil at all sites. Combining field experiment and CT analysis, this study provides the first quantification of the bioerosion and bioconstruction processes in the northern Adriatic coralligenous reefs, a fundamental step toward their conservation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.790869/fullMediterranean Seaecological processesaccretionbiogenic structuresrecruitment panels3D visualization |
| spellingShingle | Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Eva Turicchia Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Marco Abbiati Matteo Bettuzzi Matteo Bettuzzi Barbara Calcinai Maria Pia Morigi Maria Pia Morigi Adam P. Summers Massimo Ponti Massimo Ponti Massimo Ponti Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed Tomography Frontiers in Marine Science Mediterranean Sea ecological processes accretion biogenic structures recruitment panels 3D visualization |
| title | Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed Tomography |
| title_full | Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed Tomography |
| title_fullStr | Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed Tomography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed Tomography |
| title_short | Bioconstruction and Bioerosion in the Northern Adriatic Coralligenous Reefs Quantified by X-Ray Computed Tomography |
| title_sort | bioconstruction and bioerosion in the northern adriatic coralligenous reefs quantified by x ray computed tomography |
| topic | Mediterranean Sea ecological processes accretion biogenic structures recruitment panels 3D visualization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.790869/full |
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