Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate
Vitamin E nicotinate (tocopherol nicotinate, tocopheryl nicotinate; TN) is an ester of two vitamins, tocopherol (vitamin E) and niacin (vitamin B3), in which niacin is linked to the hydroxyl group of active vitamin E. This vitamin E ester can be chemically synthesized and is used for supplementation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/5/127 |
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| author | Lucia Marcocci Yuichiro J. Suzuki |
| author_facet | Lucia Marcocci Yuichiro J. Suzuki |
| author_sort | Lucia Marcocci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitamin E nicotinate (tocopherol nicotinate, tocopheryl nicotinate; TN) is an ester of two vitamins, tocopherol (vitamin E) and niacin (vitamin B3), in which niacin is linked to the hydroxyl group of active vitamin E. This vitamin E ester can be chemically synthesized and is used for supplementation. However, whether TN is formed in the biological system was unclear. Our laboratory previously detected TN in rat heart tissues, and its level was 30-fold lower in a failing heart (Wang et al., <i>PLoS ONE</i> <b>2017</b>, <i>12</i>, e0176887). The rat diet used in these experiments contained vitamin E acetate (tocopherol acetate; TA) and niacin separately, but not in the form of TN. Since only TN, but not other forms of vitamin E, was decreased in heart failure, the TN structure may elicit biologic functions independent of serving as a source of active vitamin E antioxidant. To test this hypothesis, the present study performed metabolomics to compare effects of TN on cultured cells to those of TA plus niacin added separately (TA + N). Human vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with TN or with TA + N (100 μM) for 10 min. Metabolite profiles showed that TN and TA + N influenced the cells differentially. TN effectively upregulated various primary fatty acid amides including arachidonoylethanoamine (anandamide/virodhamine) and palmitamide. TN also activated mitogen-activated protein kinases. These results suggest a new biological function of TN to elicit cell signaling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:46:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-374a402c89164c918714b5206bbf469f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:46:42Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-374a402c89164c918714b5206bbf469f2023-09-02T20:56:57ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212019-05-018512710.3390/antiox8050127antiox8050127Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E NicotinateLucia Marcocci0Yuichiro J. Suzuki1Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USAVitamin E nicotinate (tocopherol nicotinate, tocopheryl nicotinate; TN) is an ester of two vitamins, tocopherol (vitamin E) and niacin (vitamin B3), in which niacin is linked to the hydroxyl group of active vitamin E. This vitamin E ester can be chemically synthesized and is used for supplementation. However, whether TN is formed in the biological system was unclear. Our laboratory previously detected TN in rat heart tissues, and its level was 30-fold lower in a failing heart (Wang et al., <i>PLoS ONE</i> <b>2017</b>, <i>12</i>, e0176887). The rat diet used in these experiments contained vitamin E acetate (tocopherol acetate; TA) and niacin separately, but not in the form of TN. Since only TN, but not other forms of vitamin E, was decreased in heart failure, the TN structure may elicit biologic functions independent of serving as a source of active vitamin E antioxidant. To test this hypothesis, the present study performed metabolomics to compare effects of TN on cultured cells to those of TA plus niacin added separately (TA + N). Human vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with TN or with TA + N (100 μM) for 10 min. Metabolite profiles showed that TN and TA + N influenced the cells differentially. TN effectively upregulated various primary fatty acid amides including arachidonoylethanoamine (anandamide/virodhamine) and palmitamide. TN also activated mitogen-activated protein kinases. These results suggest a new biological function of TN to elicit cell signaling.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/5/127cell signalingtocopherol nicotinatetocopheryl nicotinatevitamin E nicotinate |
| spellingShingle | Lucia Marcocci Yuichiro J. Suzuki Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate Antioxidants cell signaling tocopherol nicotinate tocopheryl nicotinate vitamin E nicotinate |
| title | Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate |
| title_full | Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate |
| title_short | Metabolomics Studies to Assess Biological Functions of Vitamin E Nicotinate |
| title_sort | metabolomics studies to assess biological functions of vitamin e nicotinate |
| topic | cell signaling tocopherol nicotinate tocopheryl nicotinate vitamin E nicotinate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/5/127 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT luciamarcocci metabolomicsstudiestoassessbiologicalfunctionsofvitaminenicotinate AT yuichirojsuzuki metabolomicsstudiestoassessbiologicalfunctionsofvitaminenicotinate |