Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis
Although the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of β-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review discusses the biological effects of β-glucans on bone metabolisms, especially on bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which are differentiated f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1982 |
| _version_ | 1797539252288880640 |
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| author | Wataru Ariyoshi Shiika Hara Ayaka Koga Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka Ryota Yamasaki |
| author_facet | Wataru Ariyoshi Shiika Hara Ayaka Koga Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka Ryota Yamasaki |
| author_sort | Wataru Ariyoshi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of β-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review discusses the biological effects of β-glucans on bone metabolisms, especially on bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which are differentiated from hematopoietic precursors. Multiple immunoreceptors that can recognize β-glucans were reported to be expressed in osteoclast precursors. Coordinated co-stimulatory signals mediated by these immunoreceptors are important for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. Curdlan from the bacterium <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro by affecting both the osteoclast precursors and osteoclast-supporting cells. We also showed that laminarin, lichenan, and glucan from baker’s yeast, as well as β-1,3-glucan from <i>Euglema gracilisas,</i> inhibit the osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells. Consistent with these findings, systemic and local administration of β-glucan derived from <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> suppressed bone resorption in vivo. However, zymosan derived from <i>S. cerevisiae</i> stimulated the bone resorption activity and is widely used to induce arthritis in animal models. Additional research concerning the relationship between the molecular structure of β-glucan and its effect on osteoclastic bone resorption will be beneficial for the development of novel treatment strategies for bone-related diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:43:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-374af03c8152434589acc331933bdf5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:43:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-374af03c8152434589acc331933bdf5d2023-11-21T13:42:40ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-04-01267198210.3390/molecules26071982Biological Effects of β-Glucans on OsteoclastogenesisWataru Ariyoshi0Shiika Hara1Ayaka Koga2Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka3Ryota Yamasaki4Department of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, JapanDepartment of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, JapanDepartment of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, JapanDepartment of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, JapanDepartment of Health Promotion, Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, JapanAlthough the anti-tumor and anti-infective properties of β-glucans have been well-discussed, their role in bone metabolism has not been reviewed so far. This review discusses the biological effects of β-glucans on bone metabolisms, especially on bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which are differentiated from hematopoietic precursors. Multiple immunoreceptors that can recognize β-glucans were reported to be expressed in osteoclast precursors. Coordinated co-stimulatory signals mediated by these immunoreceptors are important for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. Curdlan from the bacterium <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro by affecting both the osteoclast precursors and osteoclast-supporting cells. We also showed that laminarin, lichenan, and glucan from baker’s yeast, as well as β-1,3-glucan from <i>Euglema gracilisas,</i> inhibit the osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells. Consistent with these findings, systemic and local administration of β-glucan derived from <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> suppressed bone resorption in vivo. However, zymosan derived from <i>S. cerevisiae</i> stimulated the bone resorption activity and is widely used to induce arthritis in animal models. Additional research concerning the relationship between the molecular structure of β-glucan and its effect on osteoclastic bone resorption will be beneficial for the development of novel treatment strategies for bone-related diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1982β-glucansosteoclastogenesisimmunoreceptorsbone metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Wataru Ariyoshi Shiika Hara Ayaka Koga Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka Ryota Yamasaki Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis Molecules β-glucans osteoclastogenesis immunoreceptors bone metabolism |
| title | Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis |
| title_full | Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis |
| title_short | Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis |
| title_sort | biological effects of β glucans on osteoclastogenesis |
| topic | β-glucans osteoclastogenesis immunoreceptors bone metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1982 |
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